lecture 7

Question 1

T/F we are naturally inclined to form hierarchies within groups

Answer 1

true

Question 2

what is social dominance orientation

Answer 2

our desire for hierarchy varies from person to person

Question 3

benefits of hierarchies and leadership

Answer 3

• rules for where resources go
• final say in group decision
• motivation
• coordination

Question 4

what are characteristics of leaders that we like?

Answer 4

1.) Skills
2.) Social skills
3.) Selflessness

-expertise and skills in relation to the goals of the group
- strong social skills
- selflessly share resources

Question 5

what are the dimensions of a persons face?

Answer 5

Dominance Trustworthiness

Competence Warmth

Question 6

trustworthy but not dominant =

Answer 6

babyface

• weak
• naive
• submissive

Question 7

dominant but not trustworthy is

Answer 7

• strong
• competent
• dominant

Question 8

people with a ___ face are treated more leniently within the criminal justice system

Answer 8

baby face

though they may have difficulties being hired for an “adult” job or taken seriously upon being hired

evolutionary reason: baby-face = youthful = little threat

Question 9

what is overgeneralization

Answer 9

where a person assumes a characteristic/event which applies to an experience/something will apply to others akin to it

Question 10

T/F snap-judgements made by one person often does predict the snap judgements made by others

Answer 10

true; they are accurate in terms of consensus

consensus =/= accuracy

ex.) a politian rated as more competent is more likely to be elected, even though there isn’t a basis for competency

Question 11

power is defined as

Answer 11

the ability to control one’s own outcomes and those of others; the freedom to act

Question 12

what’s the definition of leadership

Answer 12

the capacity of a person to influence other people

Question 13

power can be considered within 3 dimensions of social rank

Answer 13

1.) status (relative comparison of attributes, leading to differential levels of respect and prominence within a group)
2.) authority (power that comes from an institutionalized role or a formal hierarchy)
3.) dominance (behaviour that has the goal of demonstrating power)

Question 14

we pick leaders who seem for the group. do leaders remain that way once in power?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

power is the freedom to __

Answer 15

act; the removal of constraints

a lack of power is therefore the presence of restraints

Question 16

when you move from not having power, it can give you the ____ to pursue your own individual goals and desires

Answer 16

green light

Question 17

the approach- inhibition theory of power

Answer 17

1.) Power = approach
- your goals and become more self-focused
- high levels of power
- less careful
- systematic in assessments of others
- more likely to stereotype
- less accurate judgement of emotions (failure of empathy)

2.) Power = lack of inhibition
- more inappropriate behaviour
- power is associated with sexually assertive behaviour and being aggressive

Question 18

Study examining empathy and power key takeaways

Answer 18

• draw the letter E on forehead so someone across the room can read it
• those induced to feel more powerful were less likely to mirror the letter E (less likely to take another persons perspective into consideration)

Question 19

priming the idea of power will change a persons behaviour in a sexual context in what ways?

Answer 19

• more flirtatious
• more likely to touch others without consent
• more likely to get too close to others
• increased sexual thoughts
• more likely to feel attracted to a stranger
• overestimate another person’s sexual interest in them

Question 20

people in positions of power tend to

Answer 20

violate norms of polite communication
- interrupt more
- speak out of turn
- behave rudely

Question 21

fraternity study

Answer 21

• 2 lower in power and 2 higher in power asked to tease each other
• higher power duo = more aggressive and humiliating
• lower power duo = restrained

Question 22

how is power a recipe for violence and what are some solutions

Answer 22

• antisocial behaviour
• focus on own goals
• lack of empathy

ex.) rape culture, hate crimes, sexual harrassment

SOLUTIONS
- better management of power
- flatter hierarchies
- checks and balances
- transformational leadership

Question 23

what is transformation leadership

Answer 23

leadership that develops trust and cooperation within the group and between the group and its leaders

Question 24

traits of a transformative leader

Answer 24

• ethical
• committed to the well-being of the organization and it’s members
• encourages people to meet their potential
• trusts others to think critically and for themselves
• provides support (emotionally and practically)

Question 25

transformational leadership include 2 types of leadership

Answer 25

1.) individually-oriented leadership
- sees followers as individuals and treats them so
- show concern for individual professional development and goals
- know people on a personal level
- recognize individual accomplishments
results:
- high individual performance
- feelings of empowerment
- feelings of identification with the leader

2.) group-oriented leadership
- create opportunities for group events
- share vision/develop a shared story
- build solidarity around a common sense of purpose
results:
- felt more identified with their work teams
- teams showed high levels of performance as a group
- felt that teams and groups were effective
- strong social identities for teams resulted in better performance for the individuals in those teams

Question 26

effective transformational leadership will incorporate both:

Answer 26

individual and group oriented leadership

Question 27

what is the prisoner’s dilemma

Answer 27

• 2 suspects held on the suspicion of a crime they committed
• police only have evidence to convict the lesser crime
• need to get one suspect to testify against the other
• interrogated separately (both offered a chance to implicate the other in exchange for leniency)
• if they remain silent both will receive the lesser charge (2 years)
• if one testifies then they will go free, the other will serve 5 years, if both testify neither get the max sentence but no one goes free.
• trust and cooperation is the best outcome