Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Forensic Anthropology > Blunt force trauma > Flashcards

Blunt force trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are intrinsic bone factors that affect fractures?

A
  • young bone vs. old bone
  • week trabecular bone
  • weak inner table
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is deformation?

A

in bending and out bending at impact site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does young bone fracture?

A
  • elastic and rich in collagen
  • incomplete fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does older bone fracture?

A
  • brittle
  • fail immediately/quickly at the extremities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does weak trabecular bone fracture?

A
  • incomplete fracture
  • failing toward bend but not completely through
  • collapses trabecular structure underneath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does a weak inner table fracture?

A
  • comminuted fracture
  • in case of enlarged cortical bone that’s less dense, can cause comminuted fracture internally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a radiating fracture line?

A
  • kinetic energy radiating from centre point of impact create tensile forces
  • size of fracture lines indicates strength of kinetic energy
  • will taper off when kinetic energy lowers
  • follow path of least resistance
  • often create series of rectangular pieces pointing towards area of impact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you determine the order of strikes from fracture lines?

A
  • are they decreasing in severity?
  • where do the radiating fracture lines stop –> could be pre-existing fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are buttresses?

A

areas of denser bone that redirect fracture lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 cranial buttresses?

A
  1. Mid-frontal
  2. Mid- occipital
  3. Posterior temporal
  4. Anterior temporal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are hinge fractures?

A
  • incomplete fracture on one side of a depression
  • incomplete outward bend but complete inward bend
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is wastage?

A
  • cortical delamination
  • removal of cortical bone exposing trabecular bone underneath
  • flaking on the edge of a fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 facial buttressing?

A
  1. Alveolar ridge
  2. Malar eminences
  3. Naso-frontal processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 fractures of the nasofrontal process?

A

Lefort 1, 2, 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What forces is the long bone most vulnerable to?

A

tensile forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What forces is the long bone most resistant to?

A

compressive forces

16
Q

What are Parry fractures?

A
  • fracture to the ulna
  • most often distal end
  • defensive fracture
17
Q

what is blunt force trauma?

A

trauma that results from an object impacting the body at a low velocity over a wide area resulting in compression of skeletal tissues snd fracturing

18
Q

What are some diagnostic criteria for blunt force trauma?

A
  • radiating and concentric fractures
  • plastic deformation
  • cortical delamination/ wastage (multiple blows)
19
Q

What is Puppe’s rule?

A

fracture lines will terminate at pre-existing fractures that emanate from earlier wounds

20
Q

What are tool marks?

A

fracture discontinuities that match the shape of the object’s striking surface

21
Q

What is a Lefort 1 fracture?

A
  • blow received between teeth and lower part of nose
  • results in separation between maxilla at alveolar process
22
Q

What is a Lefort 2 fracture?

A
  • blow to central part of mid-face
  • results in separation of mid-facial region
23
Q

What is a Lefort 3 fracture?

A
  • blow to centre of upper face
  • results in separation of entire facial skeleton
24
Q

What is the hyoid bone?

A
  • horseshoe-shaped bone in the neck
  • only bone that doesn’t articulate with another bone
  • if it’s fracture it may be a sign of strangulation
25
Q

What are Colle’s fractures?

A
  • fractures of the radius only
  • result from bracing yourself with outstretched arm during a fall
26
Q

Why are butterfly fractures valuable?

A
  • They indicate the direction from which the force impacted the bone
  • when a long bone is struck at a perpendicular angle the fracture will begin on the opposite side of the bone from which the force impacted and travel back toward the impact site
27
Q

What 3 types of soft tissue injuries are caused by blunt force trauma?

A
  • laceration: tear in the skin
  • contusion: bruise/coagulation of blood under skin due to rupture of blood vessels
  • abrasion: superficial scraping/stretching of skin beyond its capabilities
28
Q

Why are contusions useful?

A
  • for estimating time since death
  • colouring of bruises changes over time

Forensic Anthropology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions