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EXCI 460 final > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Best way to measure muscle mass - which technique

A

Cross sectional cut of the thigh

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2
Q

Which muscles can change faster? Big or small muscles?

A

Bigger muscles change faster

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3
Q

Why does muscle mass matter? (7 factors)

A

Strength and functionality
Metabolism
Bone health
Insulin sensitivity
Functional independence
Hormonal balance
Longetivity

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4
Q

Why does having more muscle affect the risk of diabetes?

A

Having more muscle = reducing the risk because more muscles can utilize glucose

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5
Q

Why does muscle mass impact the functionality in older adult?

A

Reduces the risk of fall (more stability)

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6
Q

How does muscle mass affect bone density?

A

Increase in mechanical stress (pulling on the bone from the muscle) done through physical activity

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7
Q

What is cachexia?

A

Loss of body weight and muscle mass, and weakness.

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8
Q

Rate of cachexia after the age of 45 years old

A

0.8

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9
Q

Rate of cachexia after the age of 65 years old

A

1.5

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10
Q

Can we stop cachexia?

A

No, maybe slow it down

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11
Q

Muscle mass matters… (6 things)

A
  • Reduced severity of Alzheimer’s disease
  • Reduced ventilation time and length of stay in ICU
  • Reduced risk of complications for patients after surgery
  • Better response to cancer tx
  • Better respiratory parameters in COPD
  • Higher survival rate for patients after trauma
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12
Q

True or false? Muscle hypertrophy is much faster than muscle atrophy?

A

FALSE
Takes 3 days of bedrest to start loosing muscle mass vs 6-8 weeks to gain

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13
Q

How much time does it take to start loosing muscle mass if you are in bedrest?

A

3 days

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14
Q

Relationship between MPB and MPS

A

Inverse

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15
Q

What is MPB

A

Muscle protein breakdown

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16
Q

What is MPS

A

Muscle protein synthesis

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle serves many purposes: name 6

A
  • Producing movement
  • Sustaining body posture and position
  • Maintaining body temperature
  • Storing nutrients
  • Stabilizing joints
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18
Q

Skeletal muscle is to contract in response to what

A

To contract in response to a stimulus

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19
Q

Most skeletal muscle contraction are under _____ control

A

Voluntary control, receiving neural inputs allowing conscious control of muscles

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20
Q

What happens when you roll your ankle because you thought there were only 3 steps in the stairs so you miss the last one?

A

Need to send a specific muscle to contract the muscle so if there is none, you fall

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21
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle

22
Q

Which type of sports have the biggest hypertrophied heart?

A

Explosive sports, because of the overwork from the heart

23
Q

Skeletal muscle contains ___ to ___ of all body proteins

A

50-75%

24
Q

Skeletal muscle comprises approximately ___ of the human bodyweight

A

40%

25
Q

When do micro tears in the muscle happen?

A

When the actin-myosin are detached but we still contract (example: eccentric)

26
Q

What is DOMS

A

Delayed onset muscle soreness

27
Q

What type of contraction is responsible for DOMS?

A

Eccentric - creates more damage to the muscles

28
Q

Which creates more pain - going up or down the hill? Why

A

When going DOWNHILL - because it is eccentric contractions that hold the movement = more damage

29
Q

In terms of energy cost, which is more demanding? Going up or down the hill?

A

GOING UP - double the energy cost to get to the top

30
Q

Oxidative stress is a balance between what 2 things?

A

Antioxidants and free radicals

31
Q

What happens when there is oxidative damage?

A

More free radicals than antioxidants

32
Q

Oxidative damage leads to 2 things

A

Tissue injury and inflammation

33
Q

Are DOMS actually bad?

A

No correct answer

34
Q

Is inflammation good or bad?

A

It may be needed for the recovery process but not proved to be good or bad

35
Q

How does a patient with DOMS presents in clinical setting? (3)

A

More swelling
More soreness
Less ROM

36
Q

How do I measure recovery?

A

Swelling - circumference
Soreness - questionnaires/scale
ROM - testing

37
Q

What is the problem with circumference?

A

Hard to get the exact same spot every time - reproductibilité

38
Q

What is the Algometer?

A

Records how much pressure you used to determine the level of pain (to measure deep pressure pain thresholds or tenderness resistance)

39
Q

True or false? Muscle mass is equal to more muscle strength?

A

FALSE - muscle mass is not functional

40
Q

Does muscle strength change the same way as muscle mass when having a bedrest?

A

No, but it correlates more in younger population than older

41
Q

How to measure specific muscles?

A

Machines/hand grip dynamometer/muscle endurance

42
Q

What food can be used to decrease the DOMS following eccentric exercise?

A

Curcuma

43
Q

What food can be used to decrease muscle swelling?

A

Quercetin

44
Q

Are curcuma and quercetin proven to be effective?

A

Not with a final answer

45
Q

DOMS - indirect markers
Decrease muscle strength

A

1RM
Handgrip strength and endurance

46
Q

DOMS - indirect markers
Increase muscle pain

A

Algometer pressure pain threshold

47
Q

DOMS - indirect markers
Increase stiffness

A

Goniometer ROM

48
Q

DOMS - indirect markers
increase swelling

A

Muscle circumference

49
Q

DOMS - indirect markers
decrease perception of wellness

A

Questionnaire on wellness (sleep, fatigue, soreness)

50
Q

Soreness can also come from very basic movements, why?

A

Co-contraction from new and complex movements so other muscles contract = higher demand on the body

51
Q
A

EXCI 460 final (7 decks)

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