Quiz 3

Question 1

How can the attachment at base of a skin lesion be described?

Answer 1

pedunculated - having a salk
sessile - without a stalk

Question 2

What will show an annular configuration?

Answer 2

fungal infection (perfect circle)

Question 3

What are the findings for skin elasticity (turgor)?

Answer 3

tenting = dehydrated
taut = overhydrated

Question 4

Where should one assess for edema?

Answer 4

feet, ankles, sacrum
(dependent areas)

Question 5

Describe pitting edema vs non-pitting edema

Answer 5

pitting
- indentation
- myxedema coma: consequences of hypothyroidism - can’t break down carbs

non-pitting
- no indentation
- lymphedema: issues with lymphatic flow

Question 6

What are the types of lesions?

Answer 6

primary
- develop on unaltered skin due to irritation/disease
- mole, plaque, nodules, blisters

secondary
- existing primary lesions that change over time
- scars, ulcerations, abrasions

vascular
- hemangiomas, ecchymosis, petechiae, hematoma

Question 7

What can be seen from a scalp and hair assessment?

Answer 7

folliculitis - seen in homeless
tinea capitis - ringworm, lighter than rest of skin, seen in school age children
lice

Question 8

What medication is used to treat lice?

Answer 8

permethrin

Question 9

What are the isolation precautions for lice?

Answer 9

contact precautions
gown
gloves
hairnet
booties

Question 10

What are expected findings of the assessment of nails?

Answer 10

hygiene
even pink undertone
cap refill time < 3 secs

Question 11

What is the result of an injury to the nail?

Answer 11

subungual hematoma

Question 12

What is the difference between melanonychia and subungual melanoma? How can a nurse classify this?

Answer 12

melanonychia - mole under nail
subungual melanoma - mole turning into cancer, thicker bleeds into finger

even if nurse thinks its melanoma, nurse can’t dx, so put melanonychia

Question 13

What is a hemangioma?

Answer 13

cluster of immature capillaries

seen in newborns/older adults

Question 14

What is a port wine stain?

Answer 14

permanent flat irregular shaped lesion

ranges in color from pale red to deep purple
color deepens with exertion, emotion, temperature

Question 15

What is ecchymosis?

Answer 15

bruising

Question 16

What is the difference between vesicles and bullae?

Answer 16

vesicles (viral)
- smaller
- herpes simplex/zoster, early chickenpox

bullae (burns)
- contact dermatitis, blisters

Question 17

What is a wheal?

Answer 17

elevated
red

caused by diffuse fluid in tissues

ex: insect bites, hives

Question 18

Describe a stage 1 pressure ulcer

Answer 18

non-blanchable
local erythema

Question 19

Describe a stage 2 pressure ulcer

Answer 19

partial thickness loss
blister that pops

Question 20

Describe a stage 3 pressure ulcer

Answer 20

full thickness loss
subcutaneous fat can be seen, but no tendon or bone

Question 21

Describe a stage 4 pressure ulcer

Answer 21

full thickness loss
bone, tendon, or muscle can be seen

Question 22

Describe a deep tissue injury

Answer 22

surface skin intact, but damage underneath
caused by medical devices

Question 23

Describe an unstageable ulcer

Answer 23

covering eschar or slough prevent knowing true depth

Question 24

How can a malignant melanoma be described?

Answer 24

ABCDE

asymmetry
border
color
diameter
evolution

Question 25

What can cause facial drooping?

Answer 25

MG
stroke

Question 26

What accessory structures in the eye lubricates?

Answer 26

meibomian glands
lacrimal apparatus

Question 27

What can be noted with an ophthalmoscope?

Answer 27

red reflex - reflection of light reaches the back of the eye

Question 28

What are the expected assessment finding of the bulbar conjunctiva?

Answer 28

white
moist

Question 29

What are the expected assessment finding of the palpebral conjunctiva?

Answer 29

pink
moist
vascular

Question 30

What are abnormal findings of the eyelid?

Answer 30

xanthelasma - hypercholesterolemia
ptosis
hordeolum (stye) - oil gland infected
chalazion - oil gland blocked
blepharitis - staph inf. - eyes can’t close

Question 31

What is cranial nerve VIII How can cranial nerve VIII be tested?

Answer 31

vestibulocochlear nerve - controls equilibrium

romberg test
whisper test

Question 32

What are the techniques for assessing the ear, nose, mouth, and throat?

Answer 32

inspection
palpation
percussion
transillumination

Question 33

What will the palpation of the tagus and the mastoid process indicate?

Answer 33

otitis media (ear infection)
tenderness

Question 34

What is an expected finding of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 34

pearly gray w/ cone of light and process of malleus

Question 35

Describe a retracted tympanic membrane

Answer 35

negative pressure in the middle ear from obstructed Eustachian tube or chronic otitis media

Question 36

What is a tympanostomy tube?

Answer 36

tube placed on tympanic membrae to drain fluid that is behind it

Question 37

What will a weber test indicate?

Answer 37

screens for hearing loss
tuning fork placed on top of head

conductive loss = sound heard in bad ear
sensorineural loss = sound heard in good ear

Question 38

What will a rinne test indicate?

Answer 38

screens for hearing loss
tuning fork placed on mastoid process (bone conduction) - wait until sound goes away - place in front of ear (air conduction)

bone>air = conductive loss
air>bone = sensorineural loss

Question 39

What can be seen in the skin folds that suggests hyperinsulinemia?

Answer 39

acanthosis nigricans

Question 40

Describe the assessment of the thyroid

Answer 40

palpation: supple or non-palpable
auscultation: no bruits (bruits = hyperthyroidism)

Question 41

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 41

grave’s disease
excessive T3 and T4
exophthalmos (expected finding)periorbital edema

Question 42

What is the difference between thyroid adenoma and thyroid carcinoma?

Answer 42

adenoma: tumor occupying space (localized)
carcinoma: tumor looks for lymph nodes (spread)

Question 43

What medications are used to treat hyperthyroidism?

Answer 43

PTU
methamyzole