Module 12 Flashcards
What is the definition of Parkinson’s Disease?
A chronic and slowly progressive CNS disease involving the basal ganglia (striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra) with cardinal symptoms of rigidity, tremor, postural instability, and bradykinesia.
Why do Parkinson’s patients think they are making bigger movements then they really are?
Lack of Dopamine
What is the range of age of onset for PD?
50-60 years
What is the gender influence of PD?
There is none
What is the prevalence of PD?
1,500,000
What is the incidence of PD?
60,000
What is the mortality rate of PD?
PD is not considered fatal
What percent of Parkinson’s patients have Primary Parkinsonism?
78%
What is involved in secondary Parkinsonism?
Post-infectious Parkinsonism Toxic Parkinsonism (manganese- coal miner) Metabolic Parkinsonism (hypothyroidism)
What is involved in Parkinson-Plus Syndromes?
multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive suranuclear palsy (PSP), Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Wilson’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
What is Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability?
1- minimal or absent; unilateral if present.
2- minimal bilateral or midlines involvement. Balance not impaired
3- impaired righting reflexes. Unsteadiness when rising from chair. some activities are restricted, but patient can live independently and continue some forms of employment
4- all symptoms present and severe. Standing and walking possible only with assistance.
5- confined to bed or wheelchair.
What is the diagnostic criteria for PD?
objective evidence of > 2 of the 4 cardinal signs
exclusion of Parkinson-plus syndromes
What is the difference between a normal brain and a Parkinson’s brain?
In a normal brain the excitatory hormones= the inhibitory hormones. In a Parkinson’s brain there is more excitatory hormones, but then the body over compensates by shutting more of them down and causing the person to only make small movements.
What drugs are used for PD patients?
Early PD stage: Deprenyl- relaz tremor
Middle PD stage: Sinemet (Levadopa)- Dopamine replacement
Late PD stage: Bromocriptine
What can happen when not on the drugs?
On-off Phenomenon- can’t move when they go off the drug
End-of-Dose Deterioration- will deteriorate