us civil war - origins

Question 1

what is federalism

Answer 1

national and state laws have shared responsibilities.

federal: declare war, maintain armed forces

state: maintain schools, local governments

Question 2

strengths and weaknesses of federalism

Answer 2

+ maintains connections between Americans and their state
+ easier to control when delegating power
+allowed early us government to achieve and maintain stability

• overlap of boundaries means it difficult to assign blame
• different taxes for each state
• less governmental powers for state

Question 3

what is the 10th ammendment

Answer 3

if its not mentioned inthe constitution, and not explicitly said to be prohibited, then its up to state government to decide on what to do

Question 4

how did the 10th amendment affect slavery

Answer 4

if the federal governemnt doesnt have a strong stance on slavery, it would be dependent on state governments to decide and slavery could still existw

Question 5

what did the north think of federalism?

Answer 5

• wanted strong federal government
• policies such as infastructure and tarrifs were seen as necessary
• federal governemnt was in north

Question 6

what did south think of federalism?

Answer 6

• wanted weak federal government
• wanted more autonomy
• thought government was promoting northern interests at the expense of southern interests

Question 7

what was the nullification crisis 1832-33

Answer 7

1832-33

powers not delegated to the states by the constitution, nor prohibitied are reserved to the states

Question 8

what was the 1828 tarrif act

Answer 8

aim: to protect factories by taxing imports from europe to raise the prices of foreign goods, to encourage the us economy

Question 9

what was the impact of the 1828 tarrif act??

Answer 9

if the us taxed britain, britain could tax the us, meaning it would hurt their economy due to the cotton and textile industry.

it would make it difficult for britain to pay for cotton that they imported from the south

Question 10

what did south carolina think of the 1828 tarrif act?

Answer 10

they believed they could nullify the law is they didnt think it was in their best interest and so they would stay in the union.

they hoped other southern states would rally behind them and their stance

Question 11

what was the force act?

Answer 11

allowed us to enforce federal laws

had the goal of forcing south carolina to pay federal import tariffs

passed in response to the nullification crisis

Question 12

what was the compromise tarrif act of 1833

Answer 12

adopted to gradually reduce taxes over the next decade until it matches the levels set in 1816

Question 13

what did the democrats believe

Answer 13

• opposed federal government
• favoured state rights
• opposed tarrifs
• supported by south and poorer immigrants
• supported westward expansion

Question 14

what did the whigs believe?

Answer 14

• favoured government
• supported tariffs
• seen as party of buisness and old elites
• some whigs supported social reforms such as abolition of slavery

Question 15

what is sectionalism?

Answer 15

loyalty to one’s own reigons or section of the country, rather than the country as a wholeco

Question 16

compare the industry in n and s

Answer 16

n - saw industry as the way forward for the economy

s - mainly agricultural work

Question 17

compare the infastructure in the n and s

Answer 17

n - signficant increase in railway industry and the majority of these railways connected nothern cities and ports

s - wasn’t very industrialised and thought they could live without it

Question 18

compare the agriculture in n and s

Answer 18

n - embraced new scientific approaches such as fertilisers, crop rotations and machinery

s - traditional values and methods

Question 19

compare the mechanisation in n and s

Answer 19

n - used technology a lot more which helped boost production rates and the economy

s- saw it as a threat to slavery

Question 20

compare labour in the n and s

Answer 20

n - use of free labour, so workers could strive to improve their lot. connected to american dream

s - depended on slave labour, the population lacked motivation of pay or improving position, so lower productivity

Question 21

compare wealth distribution in n and s

Answer 21

n - not distributed equally, with 10% having 70%

s - growth in demand for cotton brought wealth to south but again, not distributed equally

Question 22

compare investment in n and s

Answer 22

n - invested in machinery, factories and technology

s - invested in slavery

Question 23

compare urbanisation in n and s

Answer 23

n - integrated economy with commercial farmers and manufacturing cities. famers changed from being self sufficient to being with new transportation which drew them into a new market economy. some cities saw massive growth due to transport

s- urbanisation was not common

Question 24

compare tariffs in n and s

Answer 24

n - loved tarrifs because it benefitted them, by putting tarrifs on foreign goods, it favoured us economy

s- they saw it as favouring the north whilst alientating south’s key markets for their products

Question 25

what is the historiography for this?

Answer 25

Charles Beard - claimed civil war was a conflict between planter dominated south and modern, capitalist north

Question 26

why was sectionalism growing in the us?

Answer 26

both north and south thought they were superior

each side thought what they were doing was right

Question 27

what are the shared similarites between n and s

Answer 27

• shared history
• shared religion - protestant christianity dominated both
• shared legal and political systems
• common language
• 75% of southern families did not own slaves

Question 28

‘discuss how nullification crisis deepened sectional differences’

Answer 28

• tarrif act
• force act
• compromise act
• slavery
• economy
• industrialisation

Question 29

‘in 1850 there was more to unite than divide north and south’ to what extent do you agree

Answer 29

• federalism yes
• slavery yes
• social divisons yes
• industrialisation no
• slavery no
• compromise act yes

Question 30

compare and contrast the economic differences

Answer 30

compare:
- both benefitted from slavery
- compromise act
- social divisions

contrast
- industrialisation
- work force
- tarrifs

Question 31

what was bleeding sumner

Answer 31

Senator Charles Sumner said there was a southern conspriacy to make kansas a slave state and said that ANDREW BUTLER was behind it. anti slavery speeches

BUTLER’s newphew Preston Brooks (democrat) entered his senate chambers and began striking him with a cane. Brooks was seen as a hero.

impact: south saw themselves as chivalrous, but are choosing violence in comparison to the north using speeches and education.