bangladesh

Question 1

History of bangladesh

Answer 1

• since gaining indep in 1971, achieved remarkable progress
• annual GDP growth of 6%, lifting per capita incomes

Question 2

How bad was bangladesh in 1971

Answer 2

• world’s ninth poorest country
• nominal income per capita of $95
• infant mortality rate of 210 deaths per 1000 births
• average life expectancy of 46.6 years

Question 3

Current state of bangladesh

Answer 3

• one of the msot populous and fast growing countries in the world
• key example of export led growth (textiles)
• on track to graduate from least developed country status in 2026
• potential for upper middle income by 2031
• sustainable growth held back by gaps in socio-economic developentn and challenges of tackling climate c

Question 4

share of global gdp

Answer 4

has risen steadily from 0.71% 2018 to 0.82% in 2022, projected to be 1.02% in 2028

Question 5

GDP PER CAPITA (and PPP adjusted figure)

Answer 5

GDP per capita USD: $2688
PPP adjusted; $6263

Question 6

gini coefficient 2022

Answer 6

0.32

Question 7

life expectancy at birth in years

Answer 7

72 (up from 66 in 2000)

Question 8

poverty headcount

Answer 8

5% (33% in 2000)

Question 9

Corruption perceptions index and HDI rankings 2023

Answer 9

CPI: 129/193TH IN WORLD (score was 24/100, 0 being totally corrupt) bad af
HDI: 149/180

Question 10

secondary completion rate and people using safely mangaed snaitation systems 2022

Answer 10

secondary completion: 82% (54% in 2000) impressive
safely managed sanitation: 31% (11% in 2000) LOW AF

Question 11

Demographic of bangladesh population

Answer 11

• close to 200 mn inhabitants; large working population? but this depends on age groups
• luckily, around 65% of population in 15-64 years so productive potential of bangladesh is high
• (7% over 65 and 27% below 14)

Question 12

remittance income

Answer 12

• 4.5% GDP was remittances in 2022 - is GNI a better measure? (received 21.5 bn USD in 2022)

Question 13

share of economic sectors in GDP 2012-2022

Answer 13

• farming gone down from 17% to 11%: employs 37.09%, low productivity. they need to achieve commercial farming to move up econ sectors
• manufactruing grown to 33% (textiles and pharmaceuticals is growing, almost self sufficient in pharma). This sector employed 21.71% of people in 2022 indicatinf high productivity

Question 14

Describe strengths in textiles for bangladesh

Answer 14

• manufacturing and exports of garms
• they manufactures 20% of world’s exportted cotton t shirts valued at $9bn (even though grew less than 2% cotton used (net importer of cotton so exposed to cotton prices)
• employs 4mn, 2500 factories
• strategies to grow sector: duty free import of machinery in exportxones, negotiating preferential trade agreements with USA and EU

Question 15

what has driven internal demand growth in BGDSH

Answer 15

• remittance income growth and poverty reduction

Question 16

TOP exports

Answer 16

• manufacturing and exporting textiles (more than half to EU, 18% to US and 3% to india and 2.64% to JPN)
• so dependent on textiles; low value added
• small amount from pharmaceuticals

Question 17

growth barriers

Answer 17

• spiked inflation increasing poverty
• high dep on imports of gas and rising external debt
• untapped innovation potential; only 1.2% fims invest in r&d
• tax to GDP ratio is low; linked to corruption and limits spending on public sector
• overdep on textiles; some of this industry is moving to africa, cambodia, vietnam
• labour prod is low
• FDI is 0.75 compared to 6% in vietnam
• VERY VULNERABLE TO CLIMATE CHANGE; ranked highest on flood exposure index 2023