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NCM117 LEC > Substance Abuse Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A state of chronic or recurrent intoxication characterized by psychological dependence

A

Addiction

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2
Q

The person is emotionally dependent on a drug, is able to obtain a desired effect from the specific dosage, and experiences withdrawal symptoms after he stops taking the drug

A

Addiction

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3
Q

It is the inability to stop drinking that seriously alters a normal living pattern.

A

Alcoholism

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4
Q

Cessation of drinking or a reduction in intake results in

A

withdrawal symptoms

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5
Q

Behaviors exhibited by significant others of a substance-abusing individual that serve to enable and protect the abuse at the exclusion or personal fulfillment and self development

A

Codependence

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6
Q

Strong, overpowering urge for drugs felt by an individual who abuses or is dependent on drugs

A

Craving

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7
Q

Condition occurring when individuals exhibit a set of behaviors associated with inability to control use of a drug

A

Drug dependence

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8
Q

Maladaptive pattern of use of a drug in situations of real or potential harm

A

Substance Abuse

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9
Q

It is an acquired resistance to the effects of a drug

A

Tolerance

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10
Q

Defined in DSM IV as either needing to increase drug dosage to achieve a given effect or finding decreasing effect from a continued, fixed dosage

A

Tolerance

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11
Q

It is a condition occurring when cessation of drug use results in a drug-specific set of symptoms that would be relieved by additional doses of the drug

A

Withdrawal

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12
Q

Behaviors associated with drug dependence

A

*Develop tolerance to drug effects
*Manifest withdrawal from a drug
*Use more drug than intended
*Try persistently or unsuccessfully to cut down the use
*Spend significant amount of time using or trying to obtain the drug
*Give up important activities because of the drug
*Continue to use a drug despite knowing it is causing physical or psychological problems

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13
Q

Causes of addiction

A

Biologic and genetic theories
Learning Theories
Social Theories

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14
Q

All drugs of abuse have one thing in common

A

stimulation of dopamine secretion

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15
Q

blocks the mechanism of which dopamine is reabsorbed into the cells that release dopamine

A

Cocaine

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16
Q

provoke the release of dopamine

A

Amphetamines

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17
Q

acts on a receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and may prevent the enzyme monoamine oxidase from breaking up the dopamine molecule.

A

Nicotine

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18
Q

act as receptor sites for the brain’s own morphine-like substances

A

Opiates

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19
Q

Genetic predisposition

A

Biologic and genetic theories

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20
Q

Examples of sedatives

A

Hypnotics, alcohol and barbiturates, and benzodiazepines

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21
Q

act in various parts of the brain on neurons that release GABA, which direct neurons to quit firing

A

Sedatives

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22
Q

Some are predisposed to addiction because of

A

High level of stress hormones

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23
Q

Behavioral theorists believe that addiction is the result of the positive effect or mood alterations that one experiences using drugs or alcohol

A

Learning theory

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24
Q

The potential for addiction is affected by

A

Economic conditions
Formal and informal control
Cultural traditions
Companionship
Approval of other drug users

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25
Q

Peers and their values are particularly strong influences.

A

Social theories

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26
Q

Experimentation, curiosity, rebellion, and boredom

A

Social theories

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27
Q

Many theories believed that substance abusers are fixed in — and —- level of development

A

Oral and infantile

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28
Q

Abusers tend to seek ——- of needs

A

Immediate gratification

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29
Q

Characteristics of addictive personality

A

Low self-esteem
Feelings of dependency
Low tolerance to frustration & anxiety
Antisocial behavior
Fear

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30
Q

can cause an individual to become dependent on alcohol or drugs to cope with increasing anxiety, depression, social and sexual inadequacy, increased social pressure, a desire to lower one’s inhibition.

A

Early childhood reject
Over protection
Undue responsibility

31
Q

Age of first drink

A

12-14

32
Q

Age first intoxicated

A

14-18

33
Q

Age of first minor alcohol problem

A

18-25

34
Q

Usual age of first major problem

A

28-30

35
Q

Usual age entering treatment..

A

40

36
Q

Usual age of death (leading causes: heart disease, cancer, accidents, suicide)

A

55

37
Q

Year abstinence alternates with active drinking……any “Spontaneous remission” rate or response to nonspecific interventions

A

10%-30%

38
Q

Phase: Drinks because of social motivations

A

Phase 1: Pre alcoholic

39
Q

Phase: Finds that alcohol relieves stress

A

Phase 1: Pre alcoholic

40
Q

Phase: Over time, needs to increase the amount of alcohol needed for relief

A

Phase 1: Pre alcoholic

41
Q

May be told by others that his drinking is too heavy or too frequent

A

Phase 1: Pre alcoholic

42
Q

Can be described as the “non -addicted heavy drinker”

A

Phase 1: Pre alcoholic

43
Q

Phase: Begins to drink alone

A

Phase 2: Early Alcoholic

44
Q

Phase: Becomes preoccupied with the supply with drinks

A

Phase 2: Early Alcoholic

45
Q

Phase: Hides bottles of alcohol at work, home or car

A

Phase 2: Early Alcoholic

46
Q

Phase: Wakes up in the morning and needs a drink to control tremors (the eye opener)

A

Phase 2: Early Alcoholic

47
Q

Phase: Uses denial s a defense mechanism and does not admit to being dependent on alcohol.

A

Phase 2: Early Alcoholic

48
Q

Phase: Completely loses control over ability to choose whether or not to drink

A

Phase 3: true alcoholic

49
Q

Phase: goes out on binge-drinking episodes; stops drinking only when too sick to take another drink

A

Phase 3: true alcoholic

50
Q

Phase: Experiences the following: isolation from others, aggression, loss of interest in any activity that once brought pleasure, impotence, frigidity, nutritional impairment

A

Phase 3: true alcoholic

51
Q

In this phase, most who were gainfully employed have lost their jobs, many have lost their families, and all have lost their self-esteem

A

Phase 3: true alcoholic

52
Q

Phase: Over time, the individual’s continuous use of alcohol leads to extensive emotional disorganization.

A

Phase 4: Chronic alcoholic

53
Q

Phase: May exhibit impairment of reality testing; regression; and/or loss of a sense of ethics

A

Phase 4: Chronic alcoholic

54
Q

Phase: Physically the individuals exhibits disorders of the CNS (bilateral, progressive neuritis of the lower extremities; temporary nerve palsies, liver and vascular disease

A

Phase 4: Chronic alcoholic

55
Q

Alcohol dependence Dx

A

3 or more in 12 mos

56
Q

Alcohol abuse dx

A

One or more in 12 mos

57
Q

Alcohol-induced disorders

A

Alcohol intoxication
Alcohol withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal delirium

58
Q

Occurs after the ingestion of alcohol and is evidenced by behavioral changes such as impaired social and occupational functioning, fighting, or impaired judgment

A

Alcohol intoxication

59
Q

characterized by: mood changes, increased verbalization, impaired attention span and irritability

A

Alcohol intoxication

59
Q

Slurred speech, lack of coordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, impaired memory stupor and coma

A

Alcohol intoxication

60
Q

Happens within several hours or days after the cessation or reduction of heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption

A

Alcohol withdrawal

61
Q

Alcohol withdrawal delirium other name

A

Delirium tremens

62
Q

occurs 24-72 hours after the client’s last drink

A

Delirium tremens

63
Q

Characterized by: increased vital signs, restlessness, tremulousness, agitation and hyper alertness. Speech is incoherent, sensory misinterpretation and others

A

Delirium tremens

64
Q

Chronic alcoholism can develop

A

Alcohol dementia

65
Q

severe loss of intellectual ability, impaired memory, judgment and abstract thinking. Permanent brain damage may occur

A

Alcohol dementia

66
Q

Dementia with profound loss of recent memory

A

Korsakoff psychosis

67
Q

Treatment for Korsakoff psychosis

A

Supportive care

68
Q

Prognosis for Korsakoff psychosis

A

Poor for cognitive recovery

69
Q

Delirium with cranial nerve dysfunction

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

70
Q

Cause of Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Thiamin deficiency

71
Q

Treatment for Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Thiamin administration

72
Q

Prognosis for Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

excellent with early thiamin administration

NCM117 LEC (18 decks)

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