Crime - ethnicity & crime

Question 1

how does media impact ethnicity and crime

Answer 1

media stereotypes reinforce stereotype that black people more criminal, leads to self fulfilling prophecy, deviant amplification spiral and BP may turn to crime as a result

Question 2

whats evidence that the media reinforces stereotypes of black people committing crime

Answer 2

tv crime reports - 72% of assaults presented as being committed by bp
but NYPD arrests shows its 49%
makes people think its justified to fear black folk

Question 3

whats an evaluation for media and ethnicity

Answer 3

assumes that all black people will live up to the stereotype the media enforces

Question 3

what stop and search statistics did the ONS find

Answer 3

compared to white people, black people were 7x more likely than white
asian people 2x as likely

Question 4

ethnicity and offending sources - whats an issue with official stats

Answer 4

dont tell us why certain ethnicities seem more likely to commit crime & over-representation of black ppl may be due to police targeting and targeting black males

Question 5

ethnicity and offending sources - whats a problem with victim surveys

Answer 5

lack validity, victims may not rememeber everything
tells nothing about white collar crime ethnicity

Question 6

ethnicity and offending sources - whats a problem with self-report studies

Answer 6

lack validity, people might lie
only focus on crimes of young people and ignores white collar

Question 7

ethnicity and offending sources - whats an issue with policing

Answer 7

graham and bowling - police brutaily, oppressive policing ignorance of racially-motivated attacks

Question 8

ethnicity and offending sources - whats the issue with stop and searches

Answer 8

phillips and bowling - EMs more likely to think they’re over-policed and under-protected by police racism e.g canteen culture

Question 9

soc explainations - how do lea and young explain why BME may be more likely to offend

Answer 9

differences in stats are results of real differences in offending. racial discrimination in society leads to relative deprivation & then utilitarian crimes, and marginalisation causes to frustration to society & leads to non-utilitarian crime

Question 10

soc explainations - what do lea and young say about policing

Answer 10

police racism isnt the main cause of difference in stats as 90% of crimes reported by public. police are selectively racist against black ppl but not asian

Question 11

soc explainations - whats an evaluation of lea and young

Answer 11

arrests lower may be lower than asian ppl than black bcs theyre stereotyped differently - asian seen as passive n black ppl seen as dangerous also since 9/11, racial stereotyping against asian ppl has increased

Question 12

soc explainations - (neo-marxism) what does gilroy say about BME offending rates

Answer 12

BME commit no more crimes than others and stats are a result of racist policing and acting on racist stereotypes. also bme often come from colonies of resisted oppression, whereas resisting arrest in britian is criminalised

Question 13

soc explainations - (neo-marxism) whats an evaluation of gilroy

Answer 13

lea and young - first gen of immigrants were law-abiding

Question 14

soc explainations - (neo-marxism) what does hall et al say about BME offending rates

Answer 14

moral panic in 70s abt black men and mugging bc capitalism was in crisis, powerful used this story to distract ppl from problems. black ppl were victims of capitalism, not more criminal. led to black men not being able to get jobs and so turned to crime as a result

Question 15

soc explainations - (neo-marxism) whats an evaluation of hall et al

Answer 15

doesnt explain how the moral panic was created or given evidence that capitalism was behind it

Question 16

ethnicity and victimisation - whats victimisation

Answer 16

indivdual selected as a target due to race ethnicity or religion

Question 17

ethnicity and victimisation - what are stats on victimisation

Answer 17

racially motivated incidents have reduced 38% from 2018/19 however victim experience not considered in these stats

Question 18

ethnicity and victimisation - whats the stephan lawrence case (ao2)

Answer 18

black british boy killed at a bus stop in london by a group of white men , 6 suspects arrested but not charged and private prosecution failed to secure any convictions

Question 19

ethnicity and victimisation - whats the mcpherson report

Answer 19

1988 inquiry by william mcpherson that examined met’s investigation of stephen lawrence case and found force was institutionally racist

Question 20

ethnicity and victimisation - what did the mcpherson report find

Answer 20

canteen culture - breeding ground for racial discrimination in police office private spheres. officers didnt believe the murder was racially motivated

Question 21

how can family be linked to ethnicity and crime

Answer 21

murray/moynihan - lone parent family structure leads to inadequate socialisation, not taught crime is immoral (BME more likely to be headed by lone-mother)

Question 22

how can education be linked to crime

Answer 22

ppl who perform badly in schools may not enter well-paid jobs, could turn tp crime as a result black carribean students are lowest achieveing in schools and appear high on crime stats