Key terms

Question 1

Republic

Answer 1

a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders

Question 2

Patrician

Answer 2

the wealthy landowners, held most of the power, inherited their power and social status & claimed that their ancestry gave them the authority to make laws

Question 3

Plebeian

Answer 3

the common farmers, artisans, and merchants - the majority of the population were citizens of Rome with the right to vote but barred by law from holding most important government positions

Question 4

Tribune

Answer 4

protects the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials

Question 5

Consul

Answer 5

elected by the assembly for one year, chief executive of the government and commanders

Question 6

Senate

Answer 6

chosen from aristocracy for life – controls foreign and financial policies, advises consuls

Question 7

Dictator

Answer 7

a ruler with total power over a country, absolute ruler

Question 8

Legion

Answer 8

made up of 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers, supported by cavalry, further divided into smaller groups of 80 men - a century.

Question 9

Punic Wars

Answer 9

wars fought between Rome and Carthage, Between 264 and 146 B.C.

Question 10

Hannibal

Answer 10

Carthaginian general, won his greatest victory at Cannae

Question 11

civil war

Answer 11

a war between citizens of the same country

Question 12

Julius Caesar

Answer 12

military leader, one of the three rules in the triumvirate, later a governor of Gaul, later appointed a dictator for life, made a number of reforms: granted citizenship to many people, expanded the senate, helped the poor by creating jobs

Question 13

Triumvirate

Answer 13

a group of three rulers

Question 14

Augustus

Answer 14

Rome’s ablest emperor. He stabilized the frontier, glorified Rome with splendid public buildings, and created a system of government that survived for centuries.

Question 15

Pax Romana

Answer 15

Roman peace, period of peace and prosperity

Question 16

Jesus

Answer 16

baptized by a prophet, he preached, taught, did good works, and performed miracles, emphasized God’s personal relationship to each human being, crowds greeted him as the Messiah, who came to rescue the Jews

Question 17

Apostle

Answer 17

disciples of Jesus Christ, they wrote the gospels, the first four books of the New

Question 18

Paul

Answer 18

apostle, had enormous influence on Christianity’s development
never met Jesus and at first was an enemy of Christianity, he reportedly had a vision of Christ.
He spent the rest of his life spreading and interpreting Christ’s teachings.

Question 19

Diaspora

Answer 19

the dispersal of the Jews

Question 20

Constantine

Answer 20

Roman emperor, announced an end to the persecution of Christians. In the Edict of Milan, declared Christianity to be one of the religions approved by the emperor.

Question 21

Bishop

Answer 21

supervised several local churches

Question 22

Peter

Answer 22

apostle, traveled to Rome from Jerusalem and became the first bishop there. Eventually became the first pope

Question 23

Pope

Answer 23

the father or head of the Christian Church

Question 24

Inflation

Answer 24

a drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices

Question 25

Mercenary

Answer 25

foreign soldier who fought for money

Question 26

Diocletian

Answer 26

Roman emperor, ruled with an iron fist, divided the empire into the Greek speaking East and the Latin-speaking west

Question 27

Attila

Answer 27

chieftain of the Hun, terrorized both halves of the empire. In the East, his armies attacked and plundered 70 cities. (They failed to beat the walls of Constantinople.) The Huns then swept into the West

Question 28

Greco-Roman culture

Answer 28

The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture, classical civilization

Question 29

Pompeii

Answer 29

Roman town that got covered with ash - preserved many buildings and works of art

Question 30

Testament of the bible

Answer 30

-Written by some of the 12 apostles
-records about Jesus and his life