In and out of school factors affecting achievement

Question 1

External Factors

Answer 1

• material factors
• cultural background
• linguistic differences
  parental attitudes and socialisation
  racism in wider society
  subcultural attitudes

Question 2

Internal Facotrs

Answer 2

• Teacher-pupil interactions
• pro and anti-school subcultures
• setting and streaming
• institutional racism
• Organisation of teaching, learning and assessment
• Curriculum content

Question 3

Linguistic differences

Answer 3

• language learnt at home
• language of education based up in middle-class values

Question 4

Labelling

Answer 4

• labels applied based on family background, appearance, language and attitudes
• influenced by external factors

Question 5

Interactions between internal and external

Answer 5

• habitus comes from home life
• clashes with habitus of school - school imposes its tastes and attitudes onto students
• curriculum content
• Parental knowledge of curriculum comes form social class that can be passed down to their children

Question 6

Interactions between internal and external(more)

Answer 6

• racism in wider society influences stereotypical views that some teachers hold
• lack of educational role models in society leads to underperformance in school
• anti school subcultures - collectivist nature of working class replicated in subcultures

Question 7

Interactions between internal and external (more 2)

Answer 7

• gender socialisation at home reinforced by gendered teachers in subjects
• teacher expectation of girls and boys differ because of external influences
• feminisation of education led to fewer males choosing to go into teaching