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Chemistry A level > 4.1.1 basic concepts of organic chemistry > Flashcards

4.1.1 basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general formula

A

an algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds

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2
Q

what is the empirical formula

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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3
Q

what is the molecular formula

A

the actual number of atoms from each element

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4
Q

what is the structural formula

A

shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon

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5
Q

what is the skeletal formula

A

show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only with any functional groups

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5
Q

what is the displayed formula

A

shows how all the atoms are arranged with all the bonds between them

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6
Q

what is an aromatic compound

A

aromatic compounds contain a carbon ring

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6
Q

what is a homologous series

A

a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula

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7
Q

what is the alicyclic formula

A

an aliphatic compound which contains a non-aromatic ring

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8
Q

what is an aliphatic compound

A

contain carbon and hydrogen joined in chains

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9
Q

what does saturated mean

A

only contains single bonds

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10
Q

what does unsaturated mean

A

can have double bonds

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11
Q

what is an alkyl group

A

a fragment of a molecule with general formula CnH 2n+1

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12
Q

how does the IUPAC naming system work

A

count longest carbon chain for the stem
determine functional group
add side chains as prefixes

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13
Q

what is a functional group

A

the group that determines the chemical properties of a molecule

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14
Q

what is homolytic fission

A

when the bond breaks evenly so each bonding atom gets one electron from the bonded pair
radicals are formed

14
Q

what are structural isomers

A
15
Q

what is heterolytic fission

A

when the bond breaks unevenly and both the bonded atoms go to one of the atoms forming a anion and a cation

16
Q

what is a free radical

A

particles that have an unpaired electron

17
Q

what does a curly arrow show in a mechanism

A

the transfer of electrons. a double headed arrow shows the pair transferring a single headed arrow shows the transfer of one electron

18
Q

what is an electrophile

A

an electron donor

18
Q

what is a neutrophile

A

an electron acceptor

Chemistry A level (14 decks)

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