Nouns

Question 1

What are the endings for 1st declension nouns?

Answer 1

• a
• am
• ae
• ae
• a (long)
• ae
• as
• arum
• is
• is

Question 2

What are the endings for 2nd declension masculine nouns?

Answer 2

• us
• us
• i
• o
• o
• i
• os
• orum
• is
• is

Question 3

What are the endings for 2nd declension neuter nouns?

Answer 3

• um
• um
• i
• o
• o
• a
• a
• orum
• is
• is

Question 4

What is the singular vocative ending for 2nd declension masculine nouns? Why is this important?

Answer 4

• e
• Second declension nouns ending us are the only ones with a vocative singular different from the nominative

Question 5

What gender are 1st declension nouns?

Answer 5

• Mostly feminine, except some masculine denoting male jobs or roles (e.g agricola, poeta or nauta)
• No neuter first declension nouns

Question 6

Which two 1st declension nouns have different ablative and dative plurals? What are these plurals? Why do they exist?

Answer 6

• dea and filia become deabus and filiabus
• to distinguish them from the male equivalent

Question 7

What is the irregular vocative of filius?

Answer 7

• filii

Question 8

Which 2nd declension nouns are feminine?

Answer 8

• humus (ground, earth) and some names of trees (e.g laurus)

Question 9

the noun deus often has contracted forms. What are they?

Answer 9

• nom pl = di
• gen pl = deum (only distinguishable from acc sg through context)
• dat/abl pl = dis

Question 10

What happens when a 2nd declension masculine noun ends in r or er?

Answer 10

• When it ends in r, it acts as if the us has disappeared e.g vir, virum, puer, puerum and so forth
• Most others ending in er drop the e in other cases e.g ager, agrum, liber, librum, magister, magistrum

Question 11

What are the endings for 3rd declension masculine/feminine nouns?

Answer 11

• wide variety of nom sg
• em
• is
• i
• e
• es
• es
• um or ium
• ibus
• ibus

Question 12

What are the endings for 3rd declension neuter nouns?

Answer 12

• wide variety of nom sg
• same as nom sg
• is
• i
• e
• a
• a
• um or ium
• ibus
• ibus

Question 13

How do you find the stem of a third declension noun?

Answer 13

• The genitive singular

Question 14

What are the two possible endings for 3rd declension nouns in the genitive plural?

Answer 14

• um and ium

Question 15

How do you know which genitive plural ending a 3rd declension noun will take?

Answer 15

• The genitive plural is usually a syllable longer than the nominative singular.
• um is the ending if the genitive singular is a syllable longer than the nominative (as it usually is)
• ium is the ending if the genitive singular is not longer than the nominative (like navis, navis)

Question 16

What are the exceptions to the um/ium rule?

Answer 16

• monosyllabic nouns ending in two consonants increase twice:
  e.g. urbs - urbis - urbium (also fons, gens, mens, mons, nox, pons - but NOT rex)
• a few nouns expected to increase in the genitive plural do not: canis, frater, iuvenis, mater, pater, sedes and senex

Question 17

What is irregular about the noun mare?

Answer 17

• It has the ablative mari and nom/acc plural maria

Question 18

What are two important irregular/defective 3rd declension nouns? Why are they defective?

Answer 18

• bos, bovis
• vis, no gen
• they have bits missing

Question 19

Decline the noun bos, bovis

Answer 19

• bos
• bovem
• bovis
• bovi
• bove
• boves
• boves
• boum
• bubus (or bobus)
• bubus (or bobus)

Question 20

Decline the noun vis, (no genitive singular)

Answer 20

• vis
• vim
• no gen sg
• no dat sg
• vi
• vires
• vires
• virium
• viribus
• viribus

Question 21

What are the endings for masculine/feminine 4th declension nouns?

Answer 21

• us
• um
• us
• ui
• u
• us
• us
• uum
• ibus
• ibus

Question 22

What are the endings for neuter 4th declension nouns?

Answer 22

• u
• u
• us
• u
• u
• ua
• ua
• uum
• ibus
• ibus

Question 23

What gender will you never find in the 5th declension?

Answer 23

• Neuter

Question 24

What are the endings for 5th declension nouns?

Answer 24

• es
• em
• ei
• ei
• e
• es
• es
• erum
• ebus
• ebus

Question 25

What is strange about manus?
(I don’t understand what the answer means)

Answer 25

• If the word is accusative, it must also be plural

Question 26

What is notable about the 4th declension noun domus?

Answer 26

• it has ablative singular domo, usually accusative plural domos and locative form domi
• also the accusative form domum is used without a preposition and with verbs of motion for home/homewards

Question 27

What is notable about the 5th declension noun dies?

Answer 27

• It is usually masculine, but can be feminine in the singular if it refers to a special day