Older Adults 3

Question 1

What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 1

• older age
• low body weight
• low sun exposure
• inactivity
• family history
• race/ethnicity
• smoking
• obesity
• nutrition

Question 2

What are the nutrition related risk factors of osteoporosis?

Answer 2

1. poor diet, inadequate nutrient intake
2. impaired absorption of nutrients
3. decreased synthesis of vitamin D - less sun exposure, less capacity to synthesize, impaired kidney function

Question 3

What are the calcium DRI for males/female 51+?

Answer 3

Males: 1000 mg
Females: 1200

females higher due to hormonal fluctuations, low estrogen

Question 4

What are the big players in bone health?

Answer 4

1. Diet: Calcium, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Vitamin A, Vitamin K, protein
2. Supplements if dietary intake is low, take Ca with food no more thasn 500 mg at a time
3. weight bearing exercise with emphasis on muscle-strengthening and balance

Question 5

What is the recommended protein intake for adults 51+?

Answer 5

Males: 58 g/day
Females: 46 g/day

older adults may not consum enough, research supports: 1-1.5 g/kg

Question 6

What are causes of age-related macular degeneration? (AMD)

Answer 6

• risks: smoking, caucasian, family history
• lifestyle: smoking, exercise, maintaining normal BP, diet (high in fruits, veggies, fish, green leafy veggies)
• leading cause of vission loss in those 50+

Question 7

How can someone help to prevent cognitive decline?

Exam Question

Answer 7

• avoid excessive alcohol
• consume regular meals - avoid sat fats and sugar, high omega 3’s, vitamin B6 , eat fruits & veggies
• exercise daily
• socialize
• perform cognitive tasks

Question 8

How do calorie requirements change with age?

Answer 8

• 20% fewer calries needed to maintain same weight
• women often eat less that 1500 and are at risk for malnutrition even if overwieght

Question 9

What is Sarcopenia?

Exam question!

Answer 9

known as the poverty of flesh, sarcopenia is the decrease in lean body mass seen with aging
* often occurs along side an increase in fat
* more likely to be a similar weight but overall greater percentage of fat than lean muscle compared to a young adult

Question 9

What are the causes of Sarcopenia? What are the consequences?

Answer 9

• Causes: lower levels of hormones, malnutriton (protein), smoking, physical inactivity
• Consequences: lower resting energy expenditure, less insuling sensitivity, less muscle strength, greater risk of disability, greater risk of falls, greater risk for mortality

Question 10

What are some consequences of obesity?

Answer 10

• CVD
• stroke
• hypertension
• diabetes
• metabolic syndrome
• cancer
• GERD
• gall bladded disease
• sleep apnea
• asthma
• osteoarthritis

many of these associated with earlier mortality

Question 11

What are the physical activity guidelines for older americans?

Answer 11

• should do multicomponent training including balance, aerobic, and muscle strengthening
• 150 minutes moderate intensity aerobic activity OR
• be as physically active as abilities and conditions allow

Question 12

What nutrient should not be supplemented due to vulnerability of toxicity in older adults?

Answer 12

Vitamin A
* plasma levels increase with age - increased absorption and storage
* toxicity can lead to liver damage and fractures