Applied Anatomy And Physiology

Question 1

What does skeletal system provide?

Answer 1

Framework for muscular system to produce movement
Skeletal system allows movement at a joint
Shape and type of bone determine the amount of movement, short bones enable finer and controlled movement, long bones enable gross movement
The flat bones protect vital organs
Different joint types allow different types of movement
Skeleton provides a point of attachment for muscles, when muscles contract they pull the bones

Question 2

Movement

Answer 2

Muscles contract to pull the bones of the skeleton

Question 3

Joint

Answer 3

Place where two or more bones meet

Question 4

Long bones

Answer 4

The bones of the legs and arms
Long bones support the weight of the body and help with gross movement

Question 5

Function of the skeleton

Answer 5

Support
Protection
Movement
Structural shape and points for attachment
Mineral storage
Blood cell production

Question 6

Support

Answer 6

The bones are solid and rigid
They keep us upright and hold the rest of the body (muscles and organs) in place

Question 7

Protection

Answer 7

Certain parts of the skeleton enclose and protect the body’s organs from external forces
E.g. cranium protecting brain

Question 8

Movement (func of skeleton)

Answer 8

Skeleton helps body move by providing anchor points for the muscles to pull against
Long bones allows certain movement

Question 9

Structural shape and points for attachment

Answer 9

Skeleton gives us our original shape, such as height and build
Also provides anchorage points for the muscles to attach, so when they contract we move

Question 10

Mineral storage

Answer 10

Bone stores several minerals, including calcium and phosphorus which can be released onto the blood when needed

Question 11

Blood cell production

Answer 11

Inner marrow of long bones and ribs produce red and white blood cells
Red blood cells carry oxygen to the working muscles
White blood cells fight off infections to keep health

Question 12

Synovial joint

Answer 12

Most common type of joint in the body
Commonly found in the limbs and contain synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid
They are characterised by having a fluid-filled space between smooth cartilage pads at the end of the bones to form joints surround the joint is a tough joint capsule that is lined with synovial membrame

Question 13

Synovial joint description

Answer 13

Outer later of capsule often includes ligaments that join bones together bones and strengthen the joints to prevent unnecessary movements and possible dislocations
The synovial membrane lining the capsule produces an oily synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction and wear
There are several important structures that surround the joint to help cushion and protect the joint from friction and outside forces
Small bags of synovial fluid, known as bursae, surround the joint to reduce friction from the movement of tendons across the surface of the joint
Examples: hinge joints and ball and socket joint

Question 14

Cartilage

Answer 14

Covers ends of bones, providing a smooth, friction-free surface

Question 15

Capsule

Answer 15

Tough fibrous tissue, surrounds synovial joints, usually supported by ligaments

Question 16

Ligaments

Answer 16

Join bone to bone

Question 17

Dislocation

Answer 17

When the bone of a joint separate from their normal position

Question 18

Synovial fluid

Answer 18

Produced by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint

Question 19

Bursae

Answer 19

Fluid-filled bags that help reduce friction in a joint

Question 20

Tendons

Answer 20

Attach muscle to bone

Question 21

What type of joint is the elbow joiny

Answer 21

Hinge joint

Question 22

Hinge joint

Answer 22

Joint that allows flexion and extension

Question 23

Flexion

Answer 23

Movement where the angle between bones reduce

Question 24

Extension

Answer 24

Movement where the angle between bones increase

Question 25

The shoulder joint is an example of

Answer 25

Ball and socket joint

Question 26

The shoulder joint types of movement

Answer 26

Flexion, extension
Abduction, adduction
Circumduction
Rotation

Question 27

Ball and socket joint

Answer 27

Joint that allows many movements

Question 28

Abduction

Answer 28

Movement where limbs are moves away from body

Question 29

Adduction

Answer 29

Movement where limbs are moved back towards the body

Question 30

Rotation

Answer 30

Turning a limb along its long axis

Question 31

Circumduction

Answer 31

Movement when a limb is held strength and is moved as if to draw circles with the hand, e.g. bowling in cricket

Question 32

Drawback of ball and socket joint

Answer 32

Due to extensive amount of movements, makes it more easier to get injured

Question 33

The knee joint is what type of joint

Answer 33

Hinge joint

Question 34

Meniscus

Answer 34

Cartilage acting as a shock between the tibia and femur in the knee joint

Question 35

Cruciate ligaments

Answer 35

Attach tibia to femur

Question 36

What is patella to the knee joint

Answer 36

Not part of it, just protective cover

Question 37

Ankle joint is what type of joint

Answer 37

Hinge joint

Question 38

Plantar flexion

Answer 38

Pointing the foot towards the ground

Question 39

Dorsiflexion

Answer 39

Pulling toes up away from the ground

Question 40

Examples of synovial joints

Answer 40

Shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle