Chapter 6 Flashcards
Memory Strategies
Mental activities that can help improve encoding and retrieval processes. Hinder: divided attention, overconfidence. Improve: levels-of-processing, encoding specificity.
Practice
Total-Time Hypothesis: the amount learned depends on the total time devoted to learning. Depends on levels-of-processing.
Disturbed practice effect: more is remembered if learning is spread over time. Massed versus spaced learning.
Mnemonics
Learning techniques that aid information retention.
Mental Imagery
Representing objects or actions that are not physically present. Keyword method. Method of loci.
Keyword Method
Create mental images that substitute items to be remembered with visualizations (based on sounding alike)
Method of Loci
Associate items to be learned with visual images of physical locations.
Organization
Bringing systematic order to learned material. Hierarchy technique. First-Letter technique. Narrative technique.
Prospective Memory
Remembering that you need to do something in the future. Must establish and fulfill an intention. Divided attention task. Absentmindedness.
External Memory Aids
A device that facilitates memory.
Multimodal Approach to Memory
Take advantage of several strategies. Practice, mental imagery, and a well-organized framework all help to enhance memory. External aids enhance prospective memory.
Metamemory
Knowledge and control of your own memory.
Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon
Confidence that you know something but cannot recall it.
Feeling of Knowing
Confidence that you would be able to recognize something.
Summary of Metamemory
Being aware of your memory can help you to successfully implement different strategies. Sometimes you don’t quite get there.
