Unit Review

Question 1

Describe the process of replication

Answer 1

It is a DNA reproduction. New cells are being made.

Question 2

DNA has 4 N-bases. What are these bases, and which pair up with each other?

Answer 2

Adenine and Thymine
Guanine and Cytosine

Question 3

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 3

A structure consisting of a sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate

Question 4

What is the bond called that holds complementary bases together?

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

What bases are Pyrimidines? Purines?

Answer 5

Pyrimidines - C,U,T
Purines - A, G

Question 6

Process of replication?

Answer 6

New strands of DNA are made from old strands and new nucleotides

Question 7

Semi conservative replication?

Answer 7

Parental dna strands separate and are templates, produce dna molecules that have one strand of parental dna and one strand of new dna

Question 8

What is a mutation?

Answer 8

DNA is not copied correctly, resulting in a permanent change that can either be harmful, beneficial or neutral

Question 9

Two causes of mutation?

Answer 9

1: chemicals
2: high energy forms of radiation

Question 10

What are two examples of a MUTAGEN?

Answer 10

X-rays, ultraviolet radiation

Question 11

What is frameshift mutation?

Answer 11

A SINGLE n-base is lost or added to a DNA strand; results in mRNA out of position by one base

Question 12

What is point mutation?

Answer 12

A SINGLE BASE in a gene has been changed or substituted; changes one mRNA codon and one amino acid in the protein
Ex. AAG becomes AAU

Question 13

Frameshift mutation and point mutation are similar in that something happens to a ______ ______.

Answer 13

SINGLE BASE.

Question 14

What is an aneuploidy disorder?

Answer 14

Having an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Question 15

What is Down’s Syndrome?

Answer 15

Trisomy 21
Extra chromosome on #21

Question 16

What is Klinefelter’s?

Answer 16

XXY
Person considered male
Extra X chromosome

Question 17

What is Turner’s syndrome?

Answer 17

XØ
Person considered FEMALE
Missing or incomplete X chromosome

Question 18

What is non-disjunction?

Answer 18

The addition or loss of a whole chromosome

Question 19

Which chromosomes do Klinefelter’s and Turner’s syndrome occur on?

Answer 19

The 23rd pair, sex chromosomes

Question 20

Differences between RNA and DNA?

Answer 20

DNA: double stranded, has thymine, is in the nucleus
RNA: single stranded, has uracil, in the cytoplasm

Question 21

Arrange these terms from smallest to largest:
CELL NUCLEUS CHROMOSOME
NUCLEOTIDE DNA

Answer 21

Nucleotide, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell

Question 22

What is a triplet?

Answer 22

3 n-bases together coding for an amino acid.

Question 23

What is transcription?

Answer 23

It’s when DNA is transcribed into mRNA, happens in the nucleus.

Question 24

What is translation?

Answer 24

The translation of mRNA onto the polypeptide chain. Happens in the ribosome.

Question 25

What is the function of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?

Answer 25

DNA: contains genetic info needed to carry out cell activities
mRNA: contains the translated DNA info
tRNA: delivers the right anticodon and the amino acid, to the ribosome
rRNA: helps make the ribosome and read the mRNA

Question 26

What causes Downs syndrome, turners and klinefelters?

Answer 26

Nondisjunction