Part 1

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

Generic information that determines an organisms traits

Question 2

DNA has nucleic acids, made from repeated units of _________, held together by _______ _____.

Answer 2

Nucleotides, covalent bonds

Question 3

Nucleotides consist of:

Answer 3

Phosphoric acid, five carbon sugar, nitrogen base

Question 4

Nitrogen bases are:

Answer 4

A, T, C or G

Question 5

Who discovered the double helix of DNA?

Answer 5

Watson and Crick

Question 6

Guanine and _____ pair together

Answer 6

Cytosine

Question 7

Adenine and _______ pair together

Answer 7

Thymine

Question 8

Purine is a ______ word, but ________ structure

Answer 8

Smaller, larger

Question 9

Pyrimidine is a ____________ word, but a ______ structure

Answer 9

Larger, smaller

Question 10

A&G:

Answer 10

Purine

Question 11

C, T and U:

Answer 11

Pyrimidine

Question 12

What are chromosomes?

Answer 12

Multiple strands of DNA molecules organized with proteins.

Question 13

DNA controls the production of _______.

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

Proteins are responsible for the __________ of an organism

Answer 14

Biochemistry

Question 15

The shape and function of the thousands of proteins is controlled by ___ ______ __ ___ _____ ____ __ ___ ______

Answer 15

The order of the amino acid in the protein

Question 16

What is semi-conservative replication?

Answer 16

Parental strands of DNA separate, serve as templates, and produce DNA molecules that have one strand of parental DNA and one strand of new DNA

Question 17

What does Helicase do?

Answer 17

Its an enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA double helix

Question 18

What are replication forks?

Answer 18

The areas where nucleotides are exposed

Question 19

DNA polymerases bring in ________ groups to ______ during base pairing

Answer 19

Phosphate groups, sugars

Question 20

What is the lagging strand?

Answer 20

The strand of DNA that elongates away from the replication fork.

Question 21

Half of the old strand is used as the template of the new strand =

Answer 21

Semi-conservative Replication.

Question 22

DNA replication in the nucleus only happens in ___________ cells.

Answer 22

Eukaryotic cells.

Question 23

When does DNA replication happen?

Answer 23

Interphase

Question 24

Helicase:

Answer 24

Unzips DNA, breaks hydrogen bonds

Question 25

Polymerase:

Answer 25

Replicates DNA molecules to build a new strand

Question 26

Primase:

Answer 26

Makes primer so polymerase can start replicating

Question 27

Ligase:

Answer 27

Glues DNA fragments together

Question 28

What do single stranded binding proteins do?

Answer 28

Make sure that the separated strands dont come back together

Question 29

What is the lagging strand?

Answer 29

One of the strands that is opposite to the leading strand; it is synthesized discontinuously into small segments, called Okazaki Fragments.

Question 30

Where is DNA located?

Answer 30

Nuclus

Question 31

Where are proteins made?

Answer 31

Ribosomes

Question 32

Where are ribosomes located?

Answer 32

Cytoplasm

Question 33

What are nucleotides?

Answer 33

Molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate. Both DNA and RNA have them.

Question 34

What make up the rungs of DNA?

Answer 34

N-bases (DNA AND RNA)

Question 35

Ways DNA and RNA are similar?

Answer 35

• made up of nucleic acid • made of nucleotides • sides of ladder alternate • rungs: N-bases

Question 36

How many kinds of amino acids are there? How many combinations?

Answer 36

20, 64

Question 37

Differences between DNA and RNA:

Answer 37

• RNA is single stranded • RNA nucleotides: phosphate, RIBOSE sugar, and N-base T is replaced with U • RNA shows up as: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA

Question 38

What is mRNA and what does it do?

Answer 38

- long strands of RNA nucleotides formed complementary to a strand of DNA - takes the information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 39

Where is the site of protein synthesis?

Answer 39

The ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 40

What is rRNA and what does it do?

Answer 40

Along with proteins, helps form ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Responsible for reading the order of amino acids and linking them together.

Question 41

What is an anticodon?

Answer 41

Complementary codon to the codon on the mRNA strand

Question 42

3 _________ on mRNA are called a codon.

Answer 42

Nucleotides

Question 43

What is made during transcription

Answer 43

m RNA

Question 44

Transcription means:

Answer 44

Writing something down

Question 45

What is the template strand?

Answer 45

The first piece of DNA used to transcribe onto the mRNA is called the template strand We read the template and make mRNA by copying the complementary bases with the help of RNA polymerase

Question 46

What helps make ribosomes?

Answer 46

rRNA

Question 47

Translation in simple terms?

Answer 47

Translating the message into making a protein

Question 48

The average protein contains ____-_____ amino acids.

Answer 48

100-500

Question 49

Long series of animo acids are called:

Answer 49

Polypeptide chains

Question 50

____(________) is the start codon

Answer 50

AUG (methionine)

Question 51

tRNA contains the _________ that is complementary to the codon

Answer 51

Anti-codon

Question 52

When AUG begins the process, its called:

Answer 52

Initiation

Question 53

When the correct amino acid is delivered, the process caller _______ begins

Answer 53

Elongation

Question 54

When the ribosome reaches the stop codon, _________ occurs

Answer 54

Termination

Question 55

A peptide bond is basically a ______ bond

Answer 55

Protein