Types of validity

Question 1

Define validity

Answer 1

The extent to which an observed effect is genuine- does it measure what it was supposed to measure and can it be generalised beyond the research setting.

Question 2

What is internal validity?

Answer 2

Whether the effects observed in an experiment are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not some other factor.

Question 3

What is ecological validity?

Answer 3

The extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other settings e.g everyday life.

Question 4

What is temporal validity?

Answer 4

The extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other historical times and eras.

Question 5

Give two forms of external validity.

Answer 5

Ecological validity
Temporal validity

Question 6

What is face validity?

Answer 6

Wether a test, scale or measure appears to measure what it is supposed to measure.

Question 7

What is concurrent validity?

Answer 7

When the results obtained are very close to or match those obtained on another recognised test.

Question 8

How can we improve validity in experimental research?

Answer 8

• Using a control group so that the researcher is able to assess wether changes in the DV were due to the IV.
• Experimenters may standardise procedures to minimise the effects of participant variables.
• Single-blind or double-blind procedures.

Question 9

How do you improve validity in questionaires?

Answer 9

Assuring the respondents that all data submitted will remain anonymous.
Many questionnaires and psychological test incorporate a lie scale within the questions to assess the consistency of the respondents responses and the effects of social desirability bias.