Grammar Tips Flashcards

1
Q

Particle は

A

Topic marker
“Speaking of ___…”
Brings up a new topic of conversation

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2
Q

Particle も

A

Inclusive topic particle

Introduces another topic in addition to the current topic

Must be consistent with the answer

Q: アリスは学生?
A: うん、でもトム学生じゃない

Q: アリスは学生?
A: ううん、トム学生じゃない

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3
Q

Particle が

A

Identifier particle

Identifies a specific property of something

Usually answers a “silent question”

は vs が
学生 = as for me, I am a student
学生 = I am the student

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4
Q

Particle を

A

Object marker

Noun + を marks the object
かなえはボールを打った

を with movement verbs
Marks a “path”
公園散歩する
Stroll (through) the park
公園散歩する
Stroll in the park

を vs から
マミが家出た
Mami left the house
マミが家から出た
Mami left (from) the house

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5
Q

Particle に

A

Pins the location you currently are or where someone or something is located

Pins where someone is and will be

Noun + に = pins a location
地球いる

Verb stem + に = pins the verb as a purpose
コウイチは宇宙人を探し行きました

な adj + に = pins a state or condition
宇宙はとても静かなった
Or
Changes an adj to adv
コウイチは宇宙船を冷静運転する

の+に=のに
Conjunctive particle
火星まで行くのに、ロケットを使った

火星まで行ったのに、宇宙人が一人もいなかった

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