Learning, memory and behaviour Flashcards
Define explicit memory and the brain areas associated with it [3]
-memory that we can declare/conscious
-medial temporal lobe
-diencephalon
What are the two types of explicit memory [2]
Episodic
Semantic
Identify 4 types of implicit memory and the brain areas associated with each [8]
-procedural
-Striatum
-Priming
-Cortex
-Classical conditioning
-amygdala/cerebellum
-Non-associative
-reflex pathways
Define priming
Exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another
Define non associative memory [4]
Habituation: removal of habits
Sensitisation: become expectant if cues repeated
Who was HM? [5]
-Bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to control sever epilepsy
After surgery:
-Could remember events from past (LTM)
-Could participate in short conversations (STM)
-Could learn new skills (procedural)
-couldn’t form new declarative memories
Describe the circuitry of the hippocampus [7]
-Entohinal cortex
-Denate gyrus
-CA3
-Schaffer collateral pathways
-Commissural pathway
-Fimbria
-CA1
What is the hippocampal commissure
hippocampal fibres between the two hippocampi
What is the fornix
-connects hippocampus to mamillary bodies
How has the morris maze aided research into memory [3]
-hippocampul lesions took longer to find platform after number of trials
-blocking NMDA receptors in hippocampus impairs LTP, blocks spatial memory
-inactivate CA1, using GABAa antagonist, blocked spatial memory
What is the Morris maze [4]
-circular pool of water
made opaque
-contains hidden platform
-mouse naturally will want to find platform
-can measure time/locomotion to research memory
Explain hoe novel object studies are carried out [5]
-rodent introduced to object and given time to explore
-then placed in space with familiar object and new object
-given time to explore
-rodent expected to go to new object out of curiosity
-test of recognition memory
What is meant by the discrimination ratio [3]
-time spent exploring new object
-higher D more time spent at new object
-D=0 means equal time exploring both
Outline the components of recognition memory [4]
-Unfamiliar
-familiar
-remembering
-knowing
Describe the peripheral cortexes role in memory
-involved in recognition memory
-medial temporal lobe
-directly and indirectly innervates (supply with neurones) the hippocampus
