Science (Genetics)

Question 1

What does DNA stand for

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

where is DNA it located

Answer 2

Located in the nucleus of a cell

Question 3

What is DNA made of

Answer 3

Made of subunits called nucleotides: Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen base

Question 4

What does RNA stand for

Answer 4

Ribonucleic acid

Question 5

WHat does RNA do

Answer 5

Helps DNA perform synthesis of proteins

Question 6

What sugar does RNA have

Answer 6

Ribose

Question 7

What sugar does DNA have

Answer 7

Sugar = deoxyribose

Question 8

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 8

a long strand of RNA that folds up into a ball to make up part of a ribosome

Question 9

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 9

Copy of DNA that leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome where proteins are made. It is single stranded and complementary to the DNA template

Question 10

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 10

mall, clover-leaf shape, RNA molecule that attaches a specific amino acid. It contains all the anti-codon of mRNA.
Codon - codes for a specific amino acid; 3 bases = a codon

Question 11

Probability

Answer 11

the likelihood for something to occur

Question 12

Punnet square

Answer 12

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of allele that can result in a genetic cross.

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

physical appearance (visible traits)

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

genetic makeup (allele combinations)

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

When an organism has two identical alleles for a trait

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

When an organism has two different alleles for a trait

Question 17

Codominance

Answer 17

When the allele are nor dominant nor recessive so both alleles are expressed

Question 18

Alleles

Answer 18

The different forms of a gene

Question 19

Hybrids

Answer 19

two different alleles for a trait

Question 20

Crossing over

Answer 20

Chromatids break, exchange segments and rejoin

Question 21

Nondisjunction

Answer 21

Pairs of homologous chromosomes fail to separate

Question 22

Polyploidy

Answer 22

A entire set of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis

Question 23

Deletions

Answer 23

A chromosome segment is lost

Question 24

DNA Replication

Answer 24

semi conservative - When DNA is copied (semi conservative - each newly made DNA molecule has one original and one new strand of DNA)

Question 25

Transcription

Answer 25

Rewrite DNA into mRNA

Question 26

Translation

Answer 26

ribosome translate (mRNA →Protein)