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collective EKG questions Flashcards

1
Q

first degree heart block (explain characteristics)

A

everything is normal except the PR interval is greater than 0.20 seconds

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2
Q

einthoven triangle (what is it?)

A

defined as an equilateral triangle that is used as a model of standard limb lead used to record ekgs.

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3
Q

average heart rate for toddlers (1-3 yrs)

A

80-130 bpm

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4
Q

ischemia is what

A

lack of blood flow to the heart

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5
Q

how long is the entire ekg ?

A

12 seconds long.

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6
Q

couplet means what

A

2 PVCs in a row

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7
Q

if a client’s rhythm turns from normal sinus rhythm –> asystole. what do you do ?

A

check leads and client

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8
Q

characteristics of 2nd deg Mobitz type I AV block

A

> progressive prolongation of the PR interval, which eventually culminates in a non-conducted P wave.

> it’s often evident by clustering of QRS complexes in groups that are separated by ^

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9
Q

lead one, two, and three are what kind of leads?

A

standard

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10
Q

vasoconstriction (what is it)

A

blood vessels decrease in diameter

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11
Q

when performing an EKG on an infant, where should the tech place the electrode for lead V3R?

A

between V2 and V4 on the RIGHT side of the chest

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12
Q

which are the LIMB leads?

A

leads 1, 2, and 3

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13
Q

lead I (which extremities is it?)

A

right and left arm

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14
Q

lead II (what extremities is it?)

A

right arm and left leg

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15
Q

lead III (what extremities is it?)

A

left arm and left leg

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16
Q

triplet

A

3 PVC’s in a row

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17
Q

time frame occupied by one lead on a reg. 12-lead EKG ?

A

3 seconds

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18
Q

angle of Louis (what is it?)

A

landmark that locates the top of the heart

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19
Q

3rd degree AV block characteristics?

A

> when there are more P waves than QRS complexes, and there is NO relationship between them!

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20
Q

idioventricular (what is it)

A

> only wide and bizarre complexes at a very slow rate

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21
Q

which ekg lead provides a view of the heart from the standard frontal plane?

A

lead I

> lead I records electrical activity between the right and left arm electrodes, with the positive electrode on the left arm and the negative electrode on the right arm.

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22
Q

a prolonged PR interval on an EKG is indicative of which condition?

A

first-deg heart block

> in 1st deg heart block, there is a delay in the electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles, resulting in a prolonged PR interval
it’s NOT atrial fib, because a-fib is characterized by an irregularly irreg. rhythm, w/ NO distinct P waves and irregular QRS complexes.

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23
Q

P wave (what does it represent ?)

A

atrial depolarization

> electrical activation of the atria as they prepare to contract.
during the P wave, the electrical impulse generated by the SA node spreads through the atria, causing them to contract and pump blood into the ventricles.

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24
Q

QRS complex (what does it represent?)

A

ventricular DEpolarization

> the electrical activation of the ventricles as they prepare to contract

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25
Q

T wave (what does it represent?)

A

ventricular repolarization

> electrical recovery of the ventricles following their contraction.
during the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing, meaning they are returning to their resting state after depolarization (QRS complex), and contraction.

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26
Q

what does the ST segment represent?

A

time between ventricular depolarization (QRS complex) and repolarization (t wave).

> it represents the period when the ventricles are fully depolarized and are preparing to repolarize.

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27
Q

which rhythm features a ‘sawtooth’ appearance?

A

A-flutter

> this is characterized by rapid, regular atrial depolarizations at a rate of 250-350 beats per minute.
the atrial depolarizations appear as a series of rapid, uniform waves that resemble a sawtooth pattern.

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28
Q

when instructing a pt. about a transtelephonic monitor with loop memory what should you tell the pt.?

A

press the record button on the device when you being to feel dizzy or have chest pain

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29
Q

an EKG tech is performing a posterior 12-lead EKG for a pt. which of the following should the tech place along the paraspinous border?

A

V9

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30
Q

you are instructing a pt. about using a transtelephonic event monitor using a heart card monitoring device. which site should the pt. apply the card to activate it during an event?

A

over the middle to lower part of the sternum

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31
Q

temporal

A

most accurate for measuring body temp

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32
Q

which speed controls should you set for a pt. with a heart rate of 150/min?

A

50 mm/second

normal is 25 mm/second

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33
Q

pt. with dextrocardia, where should you place V1?

A

left sternal border, 4th intercostal space

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34
Q

why should you NOT use electrodes for more than 2 consecutive EKG tracings?

A

the electrodes will not conduct accurately after 2 EKG tracings

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35
Q

which pos. for a pt during nuclear stress test while cam is scanning?

A

supine with arms ABOVE head

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36
Q

what differentiates junctional rhythm from accelerated idioventricular rhythm?

A

accelerated idioventricular rhythm has wide QRS complexes.

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37
Q

bp for adolescent (range) ?

A

98/78 mm Hg

38
Q

pt. had a 12-lead EKG and doesn’t understand why they now need ambulatory monitoring, what should you say ?

A

your provider wants to study your heart over a longer period of time.

39
Q

a pt. suddenly goes into v-tach, what do you do?

A

notify a licensed practitioner to evaluate the pt.

40
Q

you are reviewing a tracing for a pt. with a ventricular pacemaker. what rhythm pattern should you expect after the pacing spike?

A

wide QRS interval

why?
> the direct stimulation of the ventricles by the pacemaker, bypassing the normal conduction pathway and resulting in delayed ventricular activation.

41
Q

which finding would you report while performing an exercise stress test?

A

decreased heart rate

42
Q

An ekg tech is preparing a pt. for a standard 12-lead ekg. Which 3 leads should the tech place at the same horizontal level ?

A

V4, 5, 6

43
Q

how can the tech verifiy that a pt. understands the Holter monitor instructions ?

A

Have pt. repeat the instructions back

44
Q

an EKG tech is caring for a pt. in a provider’s clinic who asks why the tech performs a 12-lead EKGs as part of the physical exam. Which response should the tech make ?

A

The results can be used to determine if changes have occurred since the last ekg

45
Q

Which of the following actions should and ekg tech perform for a pt, immediately BEFORE an exercise stress test ?

A

measure bp and obtain ekg while pt, is supine, sitting, and standing up

46
Q

Which of the following is an expected finding of impaired conduction through the AV node ?

A

Prolonged pr interval

47
Q

Derogatory comments, vocal

A

Slander

48
Q

Libel

A

Written defamation

49
Q

An ekg tech is educating a pt, about home use of an ambulatory monitor. Which of the following actions should the tech instruct the pt, to take if any of the electrodes become loose?

A

Apply surgical tape to the electrodes to keep them in place

50
Q

Interrupted baseline is caused by

A

Lead corrosion

51
Q

Somatic tremor is caused by

A

pt. movement

52
Q

Wandering baseline is caused by

A

poor contact w/ electrode (body hair, oils, lotion, electrode gel being dried out, etc.)

53
Q

Electrical interference is caused by

A

AC interference/ other electronics

54
Q

Broken recording is caused by

A

Frayed/broken leads

55
Q

what is cause for discontinuing stress test ?

A

ST elevation

56
Q

Which vs change during an exercise stress test should indicate pt, is expressing distress?

A

Increase of respirations from 18 -> 36 per min.

57
Q

An ekg tech is reviewing a tracing for a pt, who has a VENTRICULAR PACEMAKER. Which rhythm pattern should tech expect after pacing spike?

A

Wide qrs interval.

58
Q

ekg tech is performing exercise stress test for pt, who exhibits v-fib on tracing. What should the tech do?

A

Determine if pt. Is responsive

59
Q

Example of a pt, who would get a chemical stress test ?

A

Pt who is 40 yrs old and unable to walk due to presence of cast on full leg.

60
Q

What describes a complete cardiac cycle in a healthy heart ?

A

P wave, QRS complex, and T wave

61
Q

performing a 12-lead, on a pt, who is 4 y.o., Where should V6 go?

A

Left midaxillary line

62
Q

pt, is experiencing heart palpitations. Which intervention should the tech expect the provider to prescribe ?

A

Holter monitor

63
Q

Which is a result of atrial depolarization?

A

P wave

64
Q

angina

A

chest pain

65
Q

dyspnea

A

diff. breathing

66
Q

aphasia

A

affects a person’s ability to communicate

67
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of plaque

68
Q

edema

A

inflammation of body’s tissues

69
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

70
Q

right leg

A

ground

71
Q

diff. between a-fib and a-flutter!

A

a-fib:
> no identifiable p-waves
>irreg. but normal QRS

a-flutter:
> sawtooth waves
>much faster than a-fib

72
Q

characteristics of 3rd deg heart block (AV block)

A

extra p-waves visible, PR constantly changing, block between atria & ventricles

73
Q

average heart rate for infant (1-12 mo)

A

80-140 bpm

74
Q

qt interval is measurement btwn….

A

VENTRICULAR DEpolarization and REpolarization

75
Q

characteristics of 2nd deg type 1 heart block

A

> PR interval gets progressively longer and longer, until there is a p wave and no qrs

76
Q

performing an EKG on an infant, where should tech place V3R?

A

btwn. V2 & V4 on R side

77
Q

idioventricular means

A

only wide and bizarre complexes @ a very slow rate

78
Q

triplet =

A

3 pvc’s in a row

79
Q

triplet vs. trigemny

A

triplet: 3 pvc’s in a row

trigemny: every 3rd beat is a PVC!

80
Q

bigeminy =

A

every other beat is a PVC

81
Q

bigeminy vs. couplet

A

bigeminy: every other beat is a PVC

couplet: 2 PVCs in a row

82
Q

oxygen rich is to where ?

+ what side of heart ?

A

AWAY from heart and lungs

left side

83
Q

average heart rate for TODDLERS (1-3)

A

80-130 bpm!!

84
Q

PVC =

A

premature early beat that is wide and bizarre

85
Q

average heart rate for NEWBORNS

A

120-160 bpm

86
Q

ischemia =

A

lack of blood flow to heart

87
Q

average heart rate for school age (6-15)?

A

70-100 bpm

88
Q

characteristics of 1st deg heart block

A

everything normal BUT PR is >0.20 seconds !

89
Q

characteristics of 2nd deg type II heart block

A

PR int. constantly same, but some P-waves have no QRS

90
Q

differences btwn 2nd deg type I and II?

A

type I: PR. progressively gets longer and longer, until QRS is dropped (there is a p wave and no qrs)

type II: PR is constantly same, but some P-waves have no QRS.

aha (2 decks)

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