fish behaviour

Question 1

why does fish welfare have less public concern

Answer 1

there are many species of first 32000
fish are harvested from wild stocks or grown in intensive aquaculture
theres less human interaction with fish
we dont understand their environment and rarely visit it

Question 2

what sophisticated behaviours to fish show

Answer 2

long term memories
develop complex traditions
show signs of opportunist intelligence
cooperate and recognize one another
capable of tool use

Question 3

what is the difference betwee wild and hatchery fish

Answer 3

wild - hatched and reared in a natural environment regardless of parentage
hatchery - bred by genetic crosses, hatched and raised in captivity until juvenile stage and then released (meant to produce fist for harvest)

Question 4

what is a hatchery mission

Answer 4

to increase number of hatchery programs to restore declining world populations

Question 5

what is fish stalking

Answer 5

managment tool that helps manage or change fish populations
cannot sustain a fishery above the productive capability of the lake or species
stalking lakes where game fish can reproduce will not improve the fishery

Question 6

what sizes of fish are typically stalked in sask

Answer 6

fry (few days old)
fingerling (8-12 cm) catchable 20-30 cm and adult

Question 7

what is aquaculture

Answer 7

farming of fish
shellfish and seaweeds
limited selection and domestication
50% of seasfood we eat comes from farms types: fish, crustaceans, mollusks

Question 8

what is the difference between man intensive and extensive aquacultures

Answer 8

intensive - man made pools and tanks
extensive - net cages in open water

Question 9

what type of vision do fish have

Answer 9

increased contrast when foraging on small prey
visual communication
spacial orientation

Question 10

what is schreckstoff

Answer 10

substance held in special skin cells (club cells) in all ostariophysan fishes
- crucial role in enabling naive fish to recognise dangerous predators via classical conditioning
- when in crisis the substance is released into the water resulting in anti predator reponses in surrouding fish

Question 11

what is the greatest example of animal migration

Answer 11

as eggs develop and hatch, the larvae imorint chemical signature into home stream
once mature fish return to their home streams by follwoing chemical plumes from the river and matching it to the template laid down during the imprinting stage

Question 12

what type of cerebral laterilization do fish use

Answer 12

fish prefer to use one side of their brain over the other when analysing sources of information
pattern of laterality varies between species, between populations of species and individuals
right eye is commonly used for looking for predators or other threats

Question 13

what is the left eye commonly used for

Answer 13

to view school mates

Question 14

what is time and place learning

Answer 14

association of day and location of feeding
demonstrated in many fish species -
if sish show anticipatory behaviour by congregating at the feeding end - they have learned the task

Question 15

what is an example of pavlovian conditioning

Answer 15

fish learned that when a light was turned on food would be shortly delivery down the feeding tube

Question 16

how does social learning occur

Answer 16

information passes from one individual to another by observation or interaction
leads to a transfer of information through generations

Question 17

do fish have individual and kin recognition?

Answer 17

yes, they perfer familiarity then unfamiliar neighbours
familiarity results in smaller agression
recognition through visula and chemical information

Question 18

what are the three different types of social structures

Answer 18

solitary - territorial fish agressive and defence, have refusge in weed or banks
schools - deep bodies of water, provide refuge to individual fish (predator detection, synchronization and flooding effect on predator)
shoals - small loose groups - intermediate beween solitary and school

Question 19

what type of comesualism relationship exists

Answer 19

cleaner wrasse and its client

Question 20

what is nest building associated with

Answer 20

parental care - manipulation of external objects
vary materials and shape and function

Question 21

what kind of tools are used

Answer 21

rocks to crush sea urchins for the meat inside
or shelfish
catfish glue eggs to small rocks and leaves to carry them aounr
squirt water to dislodge prey items

Question 22

what is a mouth brooder

Answer 22

males keep the fertilized eggs in mouth until they are hatch
prevents males from eating
its a trade off - starve and risk future reproduction but keep current batch of eggs alive or swallow to live and breed another day