Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of physical agents in THERMAL category and examples

A

1) Deep heat (ultrasound, laser)

2) Superficial heat (ultrasound, hot packs)

3) Cold (cold packs)

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2
Q

Types of physical agents in MECHANICAL category and examples

A

1) Traction (self traction)

2) Compression (bandages, tape)

3) Water (hydrotherapy)

4) Sound (ultrasound)

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3
Q

Types of physical agents in ELECTRICAL category and examples

A

1) Elctromagnetic fields (laser, UV)

2) Electric currents (EMS, TENS, IFC)

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4
Q

Why do we use physical agents?

A

Reduce pain and inflammation

Reduce extent of tissue damage following injury

Promote tissue healing

Enhance patients ability to complete rehab exercises

Alter muscle tone

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5
Q

When should we not use physical modalities?

A

Pregnancy

Malignancy

Pacemaker or other implanted electronic device

Impaired sensation

Impaired cognition

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6
Q

What are the benefits of PULSED ultrasound?

A

Promotes healing

Helps reduce inflammation

mechanical

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7
Q

What are the benefits of CONTINUOUS ultrasound?

A

Increases circulation – helps with movement

Primarily for muscle, tendon, and ligments

thermal

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8
Q

What do the numbers on ultrasound mean?

A

Frequency - how deep are you treating?
- Hz – cycles per second

Duty cycle - how long is it on?
- More acute = less time it is on

Size of sound head - Choice determined by body part to be treated

Intensity - how strong is it?
- Acute injury = less strong

Time - how long do you do it for?
–> Depends how big the injury is – bigger area takes more time

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9
Q

Precautions for ultrasound

A

–> Yellow light
-Acute inflammation (pulsed mode only)
-Epiphyseal plates
-Fractures (can be used as diagnostic)
-Breast implants
-Impaired sensation
-Disorientation and/or confusion
-Pregnancy

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10
Q

Contraindications for ultrasound

A

–> red light
-Malignancy
-Open wounds
-Pacemaker
-Thrombophlebitis
-Eyes and reproductive organs
-DVT – deep vein thrombosis
-Cancer

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11
Q

Benefits of EMS

A

1)Get a contraction
2) Get a better (stronger) contraction
3) Help remember how it feels

When use it?
1) After surgery/injury
 Very common in knee injuries
2) Neurological disorders (stroke)
3) Performance

Red to the head (black lead goes on the muscle I want to contract, red is closer to head

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12
Q

What do the numbers on EMS mean?

A

Frequency/PR(pulse rate) - pulses per second

Pulse width - how long is each pulse

On:Off - time
–> Muscle needs a rest

Ramp - how fast to 100%

Treatment time

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13
Q

Precautions with EMS

A
  • Poor sensation
  • Poor communication ability
  • Electrode over bony prominence
  • Poor sensation
  • Poor communication ability
  • Open wound
  • Cardiac disease
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14
Q

Contraindications with EMS

A
  • Pregnancy (across abdomen)
  • Pacemaker (current across thorax, shoulder), or other implantable device
  • Over known or suspected thrombosis
  • Skin conditions eg. Eczema, psoriasis
  • Epilepsy
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