Week 7

Question 1

What are the benefits of therapeutic exercise?

Answer 1

1) Remediate or prevent impairments

2) Enhance function

3) Reduce risk of injury

4) Optimize overall health

5) Enhance fitness and well-being

Question 2

What is ROM in general?

Answer 2

The amount of arc of movement at a given joint or series of joints

Can be AROM, AAROM, or PROM

Question 3

What ROM goes with what planes?

Answer 3

Flexion/extension - sagittal plane

Abduction/adduction - frontal plane

Rotation - transverse plane

Question 4

What is ROM determined by?

Answer 4

Anatomy

Soft tissue

Age (older=less)

Disease

Immobilized (bracing)

Question 5

What are the benefits of ROM exercise?

Answer 5

Maintain mobility

Prevent contractures

Enhance quality of joint surface

Pain relief, reducing fear

Question 5

What are the effects of immobility?

Answer 5

Loss of bone density

Loss of muscle flexibility

Ligamentous contractures

Cartilage degeneration

Question 6

What is active ROM?*****

Answer 6

The patient is using their own muscles to complete the movement

Example: lifting your arms above your head without help

Question 7

What are the goals of AROM?

Answer 7

Engage muscle (reduce atrophy and improve circulation)

Improve muscle control

Improve proprioception

Question 8

What is AAROM

Answer 8

The patient is an active participant in the movement but they are being supported while they are doing it (by therapist or external device)

Question 9

What are the goals with AAROM?

Answer 9

Engage muscle (reduce atrophy and improve circulation)

Improve muscle control

Improve proprioception

–> increase the amount of movement that is occurring actively at the joint

Question 10

What is PROM?

Answer 10

The patient is staying relaxed while the therapist or a device is moving their joint through the ROM

Question 11

What is the goal with PROM?

Answer 11

Prevent muscle and joint contractures

Prevent breakdown of joint cartilage

Help with pain relief and circulation

Question 12

Body mechanics (especially for PROM)

Answer 12

Have a wide base of support

Have knees bent

Have stomach tucked tight and keep back straight

Keep feet pointed in the direction of movement we want to do

Question 13

What is the hand positioning going to be for PROM for upper extremity:

1) shoulder

2) Elbow

3) Cervical spine

Answer 13

1) bottom of elbow and wrist

2) Below elbow on top of forearm

3) Occipital tuberance

Question 13

What is the hand positioning going to be for PROM for lower extremity:

1)Knee

2) Ankle

Answer 13

1) Under knee and heel

2) Heel and toes

Question 14

What are the different types of therapeutic exercise?

Answer 14

Mobility: ROM, joint mobilization, stretching to increase muscle flexibility

Strength & Power: resistance training

Balance: proprioception, vision, vestibular system

Aerobic conditioning: cardio-respiratory system in conjunction with skeletal muscles

Question 15

Nociceptive Pain

Answer 15

Pain that is localized or specific to an area in the body

Question 16

Central sensitization

Answer 16

How your central nervous system/brain perceives pain signals

Question 17

Acute - stage of healing

Answer 17

Initial stage of injury

LASTS 7-10 DAYS

characterized by inflammatory acute response

Question 18

Goals of ACUTE stage of healing

Answer 18

reduce pain/inflammation

protection from further injury

prevent atrophy of surrounding tissue

Question 19

Treatment in ACUTE phase

Answer 19

Education

Taping, bracing

Cryotherapy

Electrotherapeutic modalities

Possibly early exercise as tolerated

Question 20

Sub-acute stage of healing

Answer 20

48 hours to 6-12 weeks post-injury

Repair of tissue

Re-absorption of inflammatory tissue

Question 21

Goals of sub-acute stage

Answer 21

regain ROM

rebuild strength

prevent re-injury

Question 22

Treatment of sub-acute stage

Answer 22

Progressive exercise as tolerated

Correcting compensations

Complementary treatment
- Manual therapy
- Massage therapy
- Taping, bracing
- Modalities

Question 23

Remodelling stage of healing

Answer 23

3 weeks to 12 months post-injury

Tissue begins to resemble pre-injury state

Tissue increase ability to handle load as collagen fibres remodel

Question 24

Goals of remodelling phase

Answer 24

restore maximum function

regain pre-injury strength, flexibility, proprioception

Question 25

Treatment in remodelling phase

Answer 25

Predominantly exercise

Progresses to functional exercise

Education: future prevention, correcting contributing factors