Week 1 - Energy Systems Flashcards
Describe the process of ATP resynthesis through anaerobic pathways
Anaerobic ATP resynthesis involves the breakdown of PCr or glucose to produce ATP, resulting in the formation of lactate and water
- PCr + ADP + H+ –> Cr + ATP
- Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi –> 2 lactate + 2H2O + 2ATP
- Glucose + 3ADP + 3Pi –> glycogen n-1 + 2 lactate + 2H2O + 3ATP
Define the concept of Power vs Capacity in energy systems
Power refers to the maximal rate of ATP generation, while capacity refers to the maximal available energy in different metabolic pathways
How does exercise duration and intensity influence energy expenditure from carbohydrate stores
As exercise intensity increases, phosphocreatine capacity decreases, while muscle glycogen energy expenditure increases. Plasma FFA and blood glucose contribute more to energy expenditure with longer durations
What are the main fuels for aerobic metabolism
The main fuels for aerobic metabolism are triglycerides (beta-oxidation), glycogen or glucose (glycolysis), and proteins (proteolysis)
- Glucose + 6O2 + 36 ADP –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
- Palmitate + 23O2 + 130 ADP –> 16CO2 + 16H2O + 130ATP
Describe the assessment methods for dietary intake
Assessment methods for dietary intake include diet records, 24-hour recalls, and food frequency questionnaires, each with strengths and weaknesses related to compliance and potential bias in memory or reporting
How are macronutrients and micronutrients classified based on their presence in the human diet
Macronutrients are present in relatively large amounts in the human diet, while micronutrients are present in minuscule amounts. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are examples of macronutrients. Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals.
Types of Energy sources for physical activity and central nervous system
Sugars : Fruit juices, sweetened cereals
Starches: Cereal, pasta, rice
Fibres : whole-grain cereals, bread, oats
Define the function of fat in the diet according to the content
- Fuel Source
- Protection of vital organs
- Cell membrane constituents
- Precursors of bile, hormones, and steroids
- Essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamin intake
- Palatability
How are fatty acids categorised based on chain length in the content
Fatty acids are categorised as short (<6C), medium (8-10Cs), and long (>12C) chains lengths
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds
Describe the importance of amino acids in the body
Amino acids play central roles in metabolism, act as precursors for body proteins, and regulate the synthesis of various substances like neurotransmitters and hormones
Define the concept of complete and incomplete proteins
Complete proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids, while incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acid
How much of the adult body is composed of water
60% of the adult body is composed with water, 2/3 found in cells, and 1/3 found in extracellular space
Describe the functions of water in the body
Water in the body functions in various ways such as nutrient transport, protection, temperature regulation, and serving as a medium for biochemical reactions
