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CNM Nutrition Year 1 Semester 2 > Advance Naturopathic Case taking > Flashcards

Advance Naturopathic Case taking Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 naturopathic princilples

A

1 The healing pwer of nature
2. Treat the cause not the symptom
3. Treat the whole person
4. Prevention is preferable to cure
5. A naturopath is an educator/teacher

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2
Q

What are the 5 principles of Herring’s law of cure?

A
  1. From the inside out- e.g. a boil clears internal toxins away from more vital organs to the skin
    2.From more important organs to less (from the lungs asthma to the skin eczema
  2. The mind gets better before the body- anxiety starts improving before PMS does.
  3. Symptoms disappear in reverse order to when they arrived
  4. From above to below. Toxins disappear off the ends of the fingers or toes
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3
Q

Name 5 common root causes of disease (the roots in the naturopathic tree)

A
  1. Senedary lifestyle
  2. Genetics
  3. Nutrient deficiencies
  4. Toxic environment
  5. Structural damage
  6. Adverse Childhood events
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4
Q

What are the bio-chemical inflammatory mediators?

A

C-reactive protein (CRP)
Erythrosite sedimentaion rate (ESR)
Serum ferratin
Calprotectin

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4
Q

What lifestyle factors can contribute to symptoms/disease?

A

Sleep, stress, excercise, nutrition, hydration, relationships

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5
Q

Name the possible biochemical endochrine mediators

A

TSH, T4, fT4, fT3, oestrogen metabolism. progesterone, tesosterone, cortisol, DHEA and HbA1C

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6
Q

Name the 7 core clinical imbalances which need to be considered when deciding which systems are under stress>

A
  1. Assimilation-Digestion
  2. Strutural integrity-cell and mucous membrane health. Joints and cartilage, bones and teeth
  3. Communication -hormones and endocrine system and neurotransmitters

4 Defence and repair-Inflammation, immunity

  1. Transport and circulation-Lymphatic structures, vascular structures, and mobilisation of blood lipids
  2. Energy and mitochondrial health
  3. Detoxification and elimination
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7
Q

Name 3 signs/symptoms of an assimilation imbalance

A
  1. Pallor/shortness of breath
  2. Dysbiosis-gas and bloating
  3. Food allergies and intolerances
  4. Heartburn
  5. Untable weight
  6. Illnesses that will impede absorption (cystic fibrosis or coeliac)
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8
Q

Name 3 signs/symptoms of an structural integrity imbalance

A
  1. Oesteoarthritis
  2. Join, ligament or muscle pain
  3. Skin problems- acne, eczema, psoriasis
  4. Leaky gut-autoimmunie conditions
  5. Low essential fatty acids
  6. Low vitamin D
  7. Low bone minerals (Ca, Mg, Zn, B and P)
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9
Q

Name 3 signs/symptoms of an communication imbalance

A

1.Reproductive issues
2. Fatigue
3. Stress
4. Low mood
5. Disturbed sleep

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10
Q

Name 3 signs/symptoms of a defense and repair imbalance

A
  1. Recurring infections
  2. Fatigue
  3. Poor wound healing
  4. Skin issues
  5. Autoimmune conditions
  6. Intestinal permeability
  7. Low vitamin D
  8. Antioxidents status
  9. High free radical exposure
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11
Q

Name 3 signs/symptoms of a mitochondrial health imbalance

A
  1. Weakness
  2. Fatigue
  3. CFS/ME
  4. Parkinsons disease
  5. MS
  6. Poor cognitive function
  7. Intestinal permeability
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12
Q

Name 3 signs/symptoms of a transport imbalance

A

Circulatory issues
CVD
Raynauds
Peripheral neuropathy
Lymphatic issues (e.g. odema)

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13
Q

Name 3 signs/symptoms of a detoxification and elimination imbalance

A

1.Constipation
2. Bloating
3. Light/dark coloured stools
4. Smelly feet
5. Oestrogen dominance
6. Dry itchy skin
7. Yellow skin
8. Nauseous after fatty foods
9. Excessive cellulite
10. Weight gain
11. Fatigue

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14
Q

What 3 emotional considerations must we take into account in naturopathic case taking?

A
  1. Mental health- Cognitive function and perception. Impairment may result in dementia, sensory processing disorders etc.
  2. Emotional Health- Emotional regulation and sense of well-being.
    Influenced by- coping strategies, perception of quality of life, self-esteem, having a purpose, adverse childhood experiences
  3. Spritual Health- Does their life mirror their values? Also considers stress, resistance and relationships with friends, family and community.
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15
Q

What could a red Malar flush (red discolouration of cheeks) indicate?

A

Yin deficiency
SLE
Rosacea (linked to H pylori)
B3 deficiency

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16
Q

What could a lined forehead indicate?

A

Many lines-poor intestinal health
One line-Small intestine issues (decreased absorption)

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17
Q

What could lines between the eyebrows be an indication of?

A

One line-Stomach insufficiency (e.g. HCL, pepsin)
Two lines- Liver imbalances (alcohol, suppressed anger)

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18
Q

What could brown shadows under the eyes indicate?

A

Liver stagnation

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19
Q

What could blue/black shadows under the eyes be a sign of?

A

Adrenal exhaustion. Kidney issues

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20
Q

What could white nails be an indication of?

A

aneamia, odema or vascular conditons

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21
Q

What could white spots on the nails indicate?

A

Calcium, Zinc or silica deficiency

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22
Q

What may be implicated if the lanula (moon shape on the nail) is absent on the thumbs?

A

Malabsorbtion

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23
Q

What could a pale blue lanula indicate?

A

Diabetes Mellitus, anaemia or peripheral neuropathy

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24
Q

What could a red lanula indicate?

A

CV disease
Connective tissue disorder
Malignancy

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25
Q

Name 3 nutritional imbalances that could be implicated in dry brittle nails

A
  1. Biotin
  2. B12
  3. Vitamin A
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26
Q

What pathologies are associated with dry/brittle nails

A
  1. Oesteopenis
  2. Thyroid disorders
  3. Severe malnutrition
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27
Q

What nutritional deficiencies can cause wicks (hangnails)

A

Protein
B vitamins
Vitamin C

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28
Q

Name 3 possible causes of Beau’s lines (a furrow in the nail caused by interrupted growth at the nail matrix)

A
  1. Severe infection
  2. Myocardial infarction
  3. Severe Zinc deficiency
  4. Surgery or chemotherapy
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29
Q

What is the cause of Mee’s lines (white bands across the full nail width)

A

Heavy metal toxicity or chemotherapy

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30
Q

Name 5 possible causes of longitudinal ridges on the nails

A
  1. Ageing
  2. B vitamin deficiencies
  3. Rheumatoid arthritis
  4. Peripheral vascular disease
  5. Lichen Planus
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31
Q

What could cause central ridges on the nail?

A

Repetitive trauma
Iron, folate or protein deficiency

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32
Q

What could cause nail clubbing?

A

Pulmonary and CV disease (80%)
Gastrointestinal (5%)
Hyperthyroidism

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33
Q

Name 3 possible causes of nail spooning (Koilonychia)

A
  1. Iron deficiency
  2. Protein deficiency
  3. Haemochromatosis
  4. Raynaud’s disease
  5. Diabetes Mellitus
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34
Q

What are the possible causes of nail pitting?

A

Psorisis (random pits)
Alopecia (ribbed)
Eczema
Lichen Planus

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35
Q

What are the possible causes of nail thickening?

A

Fungal infection
Chronic eczema and psorisis
periperal vascular disease
Old age

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36
Q

What are the possible causes of nail beading?

A

Endochrine conditions -
Diabetes mellitus
Thyroid disorders
Addisons
B vitamin def

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37
Q

What causes pncholysis (the splitting of the nail from the nail bed)

A

Hypethyroidism
Posiris and eczema
trauma
contact dermartis
Acetone

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38
Q

Which organs are the back of the tongue affiliated with?

A

Kidneys
Bladder
Intestines
Reproductive organs

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39
Q

Which organs are the centre of the tongue affiliated with?

A

Stomach
Spleen

40
Q

Which organs are the sides of the tongue affiliated with?

A

Gall bladder
Liver

41
Q

Which organs are the tip and front of the tongue affiliated with?

A

Heart
Lungs

42
Q

What could a pale tongue indicate?

A

Qi or Yang deficiency
Excess cold
Iron deficiency anaemia

43
Q

What could a red tongue indicate?

A

Inflammation and infection
A red tip (heart area) indicates underlying anxiety

44
Q

What could a purple tongue indicate?

A

Blood stagnation
Reduced Qi
Poor circulation
Cyanosis (low oxygen)

45
Q

What could prominent red papillae indicate?

A

Excess heat

46
Q

What could excess papillae indicate?

A

Often follow anti-biotic treatent. Require pro and prebiotics

47
Q

What could a dry and cracked tongue be indicative of?

A

Dehydration

48
Q

What could impaired taste signify?

A

Zinc deficiency

49
Q

What could scalloped marks on the edges of the tongue indicate?

A

Weak digestion
Pancreatic insufficiency

50
Q

What could be implicated when a tongue is raised/upturned at the edges?

A

High stress

51
Q

What could a tongue tremor indicate?

A

Spleen/Qi deficiency
Excess Vata (ayurveda)-nervous energy and anxiety
Magnesium deficiency

52
Q

In Ayurveda, what does the mid-line of the tongue represent?

A

The spine

53
Q

What could a medial fissue (crack down the midline) of the tongue be indicative of?

A

Deficiency of digestion. An under secretion of digestive juices

54
Q

What could a midline fissure at the tip of the tongue indicate?

A

Heart problems (constitutional tendancy)
Thyroid issues

55
Q

What could a geographical (mapped tongue) indicate?

A

Yin deficiencey
B vitamin depletion
psorisis

56
Q

What does a brown coating on the tongue indicate?

A

Chronic excess heat-leading to degenerative changes

57
Q

What does a greasy yellow coating on the tongue indicate?

A

Damp heat- Inflammation and infection

58
Q

What does a greasy white coating of the tongue indicate?

A

Damp cold-excess phlegm and mucous

59
Q

What does an uncoated tongue indicate?

A

Yin deficiency

60
Q

What coating indicates a healthy tongue

A

Thin, white coating

61
Q

What vitamin deficiencies can dry/cracked lips indicate?

What else can cause this?

A

B2, B3 and folate

dehydration, excess heat associated with too much spicy food, sugar or alcohol

62
Q

Name 3 possible causes of angular stomatitis

A
  1. Deficiencies- Iron, B vits
  2. Infections- fungal or bacterial
  3. Bite issues- Causing excess drooling
63
Q

What nutritional deficiencies can bleeding gums indicate?

A

Vitamin C
Zinc
CoQ10

64
Q

What are the main causes of peridontal disease?

A

High sugar, meat and dairy
Love biofalvanoids, zinc and CoQ10

65
Q

What is the dominant neurotransmitter when a pupil is
a. Contracted
b. Dilated

A

a. Acetylcholine
b. Adrenalin

66
Q

What is indicated when a pupil is
a. Contracted
B. Dilated

A

a. Parasympathetic Dominance
Inward tension, internalised, cautious,reserved, slow responses.

b. Sympathetic nervous system dominance
Possible adrenal exhaustion
Fast responses

67
Q

What nutrient deficiency can dry eyes indicate?

A

Vitamin A, EFAs

68
Q

What nutrient deficiency can night blindness indicate?

A

Vitamin A and Zinc

69
Q

What nutrient deficiency can pale conjunctiva indicate?

A

Iron

70
Q

What 2 eye symptoms can be an indication of low iron?

A

Pale conjunctiva and blue sclerela

71
Q

What nutritional deficiencies can photophobia indicate?

A

Vitamin B2, B3, beta carotene, vitamin A, Zinc

72
Q

What nutrient deficiency can be implicated in lack of eyelashes and eyebrows

A

Copper

73
Q

What vitamin deficiency can be implicated in dermatitis on the face?

A

B2

74
Q

What nutritional deficiency can be implicated in hyperpigmentation of the mouth, cheek and eye areas?

A

Protein

75
Q

What deficiencies can inelasticity of the skin be indicative of?

A

Vitamin C
EFAs
Copper

76
Q

What can hair loss indicate?

A

Nutrient deficiencies- Iron, protein, biotin
Hypothyroidism

77
Q

What nutritional deficiencies are implicated when hair is dry and brittle?

A

Iron, protein, EFAs

78
Q

When is the best time to take a PH saliva reading?

A

1st test-One hour after brushing teeth
2cnd test- 30 mins before lunch
3rd test- 30 mins before evening meal

79
Q

What should healthy urine look like?

A

Straw yellow colour

80
Q

What could smelly urine indicate?

A

UTI, dehydration

81
Q

What would pathology could be implicated if urine was very dark yellow, orange or brown

A

Jaundice

82
Q

What is the idea hip-waist measurement in
a. males
b. females

A

a 0.95 or below
b. 0.80 or below

83
Q

How do you calculate waist-to-hip ratio and what can it tell you?

A

Waist divided by hip measurement

It can indicate risk level or a heart attack, stroke, diabetes or premature death.

84
Q

Describe the characteristics of an ‘ideal stool’

A

Neither sinks or floats (but is mostly submerged)
Medium brown colour
No obvious undigested food remnants (with the exception of corn and seeds)

85
Q

What can floating stools indicate

A

insufficient bile
excessive intake of fats

86
Q

What can sinking stools indicate?

A

decaying matter or unused minerals

87
Q

What can thin stools be a sign of?

A

Tension, colon spasm as seen in IBS

88
Q

What can dry stools be a sign of?

A

Dehydration, slow transit time, lack of fibre, hypothyroid, stress.

89
Q

How would you define constipation?

A

Passing stools less than 3 x per week, needing to strain or passing pellet-like stools on more than 1/4 of occassions.

90
Q

State 3 causes of constipation

A
  1. A low fibre diet
  2. Digestive insufficiency
    -mechanical- reduced peristalsis
    -chemical, low HCL, Bile and pancreatic enzymes
  3. Dehydration
  4. Sedentary lifestyle
  5. Stress
91
Q

What does a pale stool indicate?

A

Insufficient bile production

92
Q

What could green stools be a sign of?

A

Release of toxic matter in bile

93
Q

What could white mucous in the stool indicate?

A

Disturbance of intestinal flora
Microbial infection
Immune response to gluten or lactose
Ulcers

94
Q

What could very dark brown stools indicate?

A

Slow transit time in colon. Hypothyroidism.

95
Q

What could an orange stool indicate?

A

Insufficient bile

96
Q

Name 2 red flag stool signs and state what each could indicate

A
  1. Black tarry stools-
    oesophageal/gastric bleed
  2. Blood in stools. Darker blood is a sign of a more serious pathology.
    Bright red blood could be haemorrhoids
97
Q
A

CNM Nutrition Year 1 Semester 2 (10 decks)

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