nose Flashcards
INTRODUCTION
- FUNCTIONS
the nose performs two major functions-
-RESPIRATORY PASSAGE
-ORGAN OF SMELL
(some receptors are present for smell in the upper 1/3 of the nasal cavity) - LINING
the upper 1/3 - olfactory mucosa
rest it is lined by respiratory mucosa.
(which is highly vascular and warms the inspired air) - SECRETIONS
-MUCOUS- which traps the dust particles
-SEROUS- which keep the air moist
4 CONCLUSTION
SO, the nose act as an air conditioner where the air is moist , warm, free from any dust for our delicate lungs.
EXTERNAL NOSE
- SKELETAL FRAMEWORK
the external nose is partly bone and partly cartilaginous
BONES-(NASAL,FRONTAL PROCESS OF MXILLA)
CARTILAGE-(superior/inferior nasal cartilage and alar cartilage) - SUPPIED NERVES
-superior nasal
-infra trochlear
- infraorbital nerves - PARTS
- DORSUM( prominent ridge that separates the left and right nose )
-ROOT( upper end) AND TIP( lower end)
NARES( right and left holes)
COLUMELLA(which separates the nares)
NASAL SEPTUM( which separates the two nasal cavities)
ALA(lateral part of nose)
LATERAL WALL
1.DEFINATION
irregular structure that contains the 3 shelf like projections called conchae.
2.FUNCTION
It separates the nose from
above-orbit
below-maxillary sinus
front- lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct
3. SUBDIVISION
-VESTIBULE-a small deoression in the anterior part lined by modified skin containing hairs called VIBRISSAE
-ATRIUM - middle part of thr middle meatus.
-CONCHAE- present in the posterior part
spaces present in conchae called meatuses
- PARTS
-BONY PART
(nasal
lacrimal
palatine
medial pterygoid
frontal process of maxilla
sup/inf/middle conchae
-CARILAGINOUS
(sup/inf/alar)
-CUTICULAR LOWER PART
(fibrofatty tissue covered with skin)
nasal cavity
1.extention
the nasal cavity extends from external nares to posterior nasal apertures
- subdivision
the nasal cavity is divided into left and right halves by the nasal septum
which has roof,floor,and lateral and medial walls
has a MEDIAL HORIZONTAL PART which is made cribriform plate of ethmoid
ANTERIOR SLOPE (which is formed from the nasal part of frontal bone , nasal bone and nasal cartillages )
POSTERIOR SLOPES(which is formed from the inferior surface of sphenoid)
3.CLINICAL
-COMMAN COLD/RHHINITIS
allergic nose mainly due to changeing of seasons.
-MAXILLARY SINUSITIS
infection of paranasal sinus
FRACTURE OF CRIBRIFORM PLATE.
Nasal septum
- what
it is median osseo-cartilaginous partition between two half of nasal cavity.-
2.covering
on each side by mucous membrane.
3.forms
the meadian walls of both nasal cavities
- parts
-bony
(vomer
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
its margin receive contributions from nasal spine,nasal crest , rostrum of sphenoid palatine and maxillary bones)
-cartilagous
(septal cartillge and
septal process of inferior nasal cartillage )
-cuticular
fibroftty tissue covered in skin
- CILINICAL
DEFLECTION OF SEPTUM
produced by the owergrowth of one or more ocnsitituents
, it is the comman site for nose infections like coan cold.
ARTERIAL SUPPLY
- ANTEROSUPERIORLY
anterior / posterior ethmoidal artery - ANTERIOINFERIORLY
Septal branch of superior labial branch of facial artery - posteriorly
sphenopalatine artery
the anteroinferior part of the nose contains anastomoses and form a KIESS-EL BACH’S PLEXUS which is a comman site for bleeding / epitaxis (littles area)
VENOUS DRAINAGE
- ANTERIORLY
into facial vein
2.POSTERIORLY
sphenopalatine vein to pterygoid plexus
NERVE SUPPLY
- GENERAL SENSORY
From- TRIGEMINAL
-ANTERIOSUPERIOR
internal basal branch of anterior ethmoidal
- POSTERIOINFERIOR
nasopalatine branch of pterygoid plexus
- SPECIAL SENSORY
BY OLFACTORY NERVE
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
- ANTERIOR HALF
SUBMANDIBULR LM - POSTERIOR HALF
RETEROPHYARENGEAL
DEEP CERVICAL LM
CONCHAE
- what
conchae are the curved bony projections directed medially and downwards
2.parts
- inferior conchae
it is a independent bone also shell shaped
-middle conchae
it is the projection from the middle surface of ethmoidal labyrinth
-superioe conchae
same,but situated above the middle conchae
MEATUS
- what
it is a passage beneath the overhanging conchae
which communicates with nasal cavity proper
-inferior meatus
lies-underneath the inferior conchae
it is the largest
nasolacrimal duct opens into it at the junction of anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3
and this opening is guarded by the lacrimal fold / hasners valve
-middle meatus
lies underneath the middle conchae
has the following features
1. ETHMOIDAL BULLA
round elevation
produced by the middle ethmoidal sinus
- HIATUS SEMILUARIS
it is a semicircular sulcu
below the bulla
INFUNDIBULUM
it is a short passage below the
anterior end of hiatus
OPENINGS
1) frontal sinus
present at the anterior of hiatus semiluaries
2) anterior ethmoidal sinus- below the frontal sinus opening
3) maxillary sinus- present posterior to the hiatus semiluaries
superior meatus -
lies underneath the superior conchae
shortest
shallowest
receives opening of the posterior ethmoidal sinus
SPENIO ETHMOIDAL RECESS
-it is a triangular fossa present
-just above the superior conchae
- recieves the opening of the sphenoidal air sinus
ATRIUM OF MIDDLE MEATUS
-shallow depression
-just infront of the middle meatus, above the vestibule of nose
-it is limited above by a faint ridge of mucous membrane
AGGER NASI
ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF COCHAE AND MATUSES
1) ANTERIOSUPERIOR QUADRANT
-anterior/posterior ethmoidal artery
2)ANTERIOINFERIOR QUADRANT
branches of facial artery
3) POSTERIOSUPERIOR QUADRANT
branches of sphenopalatine artery
4) POSTERIOINFERIOR QUADRANT
branches of greater palatine artery
NERVE SUPPY OF THE CONCHAE AND MEATUS
1 GENERAL SENSORY
- ANTERIOSUPERIORLY
anterior ethmoidal
-ANTERIORINFERIOR
anterior superior alveolar
POSTERIOSUPERIOR
lateral/post/sup nasal branches of pterygopalatine ganglion
POSTERIOINFERIOR
anterior palatine
special sensory
-olfactory
VENOUS AND LYMPHATICS OF CONCHAE AND MEATUS
VEINS FORM A PLEXUS THAT DRAINS
-ANT- FACIAL VEIN
POST- PHATYNGEAL PLEXUX
MIDIAL- PTERYGOID PLEXUS
LYMPHATICS - SAME AS OF NOSE
