digestive system

Question 1

list the 5 activities of digestion

Answer 1

ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption, defecation

Question 2

the entire digestive tract is ..

Answer 2

30 feet long

Question 3

list the organs of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 3

mouth (oral cavity), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 4

the esophagus is ..

Answer 4

a collapsible, muscular tube that is situated behind the trachea

Question 5

the esophageal hiatus is ..

Answer 5

a place where the esophagus pierces the diaphragm

Question 6

the esophageal sphincter is ..

Answer 6

a narrowing of the esophagus that opens and closes to allow a food bolus to enter the stomach

Question 7

list the 4 parts of the stomach

Answer 7

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus (antrum)

Question 8

large folds in the stomach

Answer 8

rugae

Question 9

the pancreas is ..

Answer 9

a soft, oblong gland about 6 inches long & 1 inch thick
it is found beneath the greater curvature of the stomach & is connected by a duct to the duodenum of the small intestine

Question 10

the gallbladder is ..

Answer 10

a pear-shaped about 3-4 inches long located in a depression of the surface of the liver
it’s lining has rugae that allow it to expand and fill w/ stored bile

Question 11

the small intestine is approximately ..

Answer 11

21 feet in length

Question 12

the small intestine is made up of 3 distinct parts

Answer 12

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 13

the ileocecal valve is ..

Answer 13

where the ileum joins the large intestine

Question 14

the terms used to describe the digested, viscous, semi-fluid contents of the intestine

Answer 14

chyme

Question 15

another word for large intestine

Answer 15

large bowel

Question 16

4 regions of the large intestine

Answer 16

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum

Question 17

taking food into the body

Answer 17

ingestion

Question 18

the physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract

Answer 18

peristalsis

Question 19

the breakdown of food by both mechanical and chemical mechanisms

Answer 19

digestion

Question 20

the passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems for distribution to the body’s cells

Answer 20

absorption

Question 21

the elimination from the body those substances that are indigestible and cannot be absorbed

Answer 21

defecation

Question 22

a long continuous tube that runs through the body & extends from the mouth to the anus

Answer 22

gastrointestinal tract

Question 23

caused by a widening of the esophageal hiatus
this results in a portion of the stomach protruding upward through the diaphragm

Answer 23

hiatal hernia

Question 24

occurs when the hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes erode the layers of the stomach or duodenum

Answer 24

ulcer

Question 25

a bacterium that is associated w/ the development of stomach ulcers

Answer 25

helicobactor pylori

Question 26

initiates the breakdown of complex carbohydrates like starch & glycogen into simple sugars

Answer 26

salivary amylase

Question 27

a soft mass of chewed food

Answer 27

food bolus

Question 28

cancer of the large intestine & rectum
it is the 2nd most prevalent cancer in the U.S.
symptoms: blood in the feces, abdominal pain, and a change in consistency & frequency of bowel movements

Answer 28

colorectal cancer

Question 29

inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection
infected individuals experience: nausea, fever, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and a yellowing of the skin & sclera of the eyes called jaundice

Answer 29

hepatitis

Question 30

inflammation of the vermiform appendix caused by an obstruction

Answer 30

appendicitis

Question 31

the presence of pouch-like herniations throughout the muscular layer of the colon
a major symptom: bleeding from the rectum

Answer 31

diverticulosis

Question 32

a chronic, inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin
symptoms: frequent bouts of diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, weakness, anorexia, and weight loss

Answer 32

crohn’s disease

Question 33

affects about 20% of the population over 40 years of age & is more prevalent in women than in men
this condition can be caused by high cholesterol

Answer 33

gallstones

Question 34

are caused by the inflammation & enlargement of rectal veins

Answer 34

hemorrhoids

Question 35

a long term degenerative disease of the liver in which the lobes are covered w/ fibrous connective tissue

Answer 35

cirrhosis