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MIDTERM - 2 - 2 > COSC 65 - Architecture and Organization > Flashcards

COSC 65 - Architecture and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to those attributes of the system that are visible to the software programmer and have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program

A

Computer Architecture

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2
Q

Contains hardware components that are used for building the system.

A

System Design

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3
Q

Includes all the instructions provided to the computer system.

A

Instruction Set Architecture

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4
Q

Give minute detail about storage element

A

Micro Architecture

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5
Q

Refers to the way the various components of a computer system are interconnected and work together to perform tasks and execute programs.

A

Computer Organization

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6
Q

Primary elements which make the functioning of an electronic device smooth and faster.

A

Components of a Computer

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7
Q

5 Basic Components

A
  • Input Unit
  • Output Unit
  • Memory Unit
  • Control Unit
  • Arithmetic and Logical Unit
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8
Q

A computer will only respond when a command is given to the device.

A

Input Unit

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9
Q

When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action performed and gives us a result.

A

Output Unit

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10
Q

When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the entered information immediately gets saved in the ________ of the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

A

Memory Unit

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11
Q

This is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer device.

A

Control Unit

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12
Q

All the mathematical calculations or arithmetic operations performed in a computer.

A

Arithmetical and Logical Unit

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13
Q

Part of the abstract model of a computer that defines how the CPU is controlled by the software.

A

Instruction Set Architecture

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14
Q

Interface between the hardware and the software, specifying both what the processor is capable of doing as well as how it gets done.

A

Instruction Set Architecture

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15
Q

It encompasses all the information necessary for programmers to write a machine language program that will run correctly

A

ISA

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16
Q

It allows computer designer to talk about the functions independently from the hardware that perform them.

A

ISA

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17
Q

A microprocessor architecture with a simple collection and highly customized set of instructions.

A

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor (RISC)

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18
Q

It is built to minimize the instruction execution time by optimizing and limiting the number of instructions.

A

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor (RISC)

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19
Q

Used to perform various complex instructions by combining them into simpler ones.

A

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor (RISC)

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20
Q

It is developed by the Intel. It has a large collection of complex instructions that range from simple to very complex and specialized in the assembly language level, which takes a long time to execute the instructions.

A

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)

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21
Q

These are tiny, lightning-fast memory units inside the CPU. They store data temporarily during processing, making instructions run smoothly and managing data efficiently within the CPU.

A

Registers

22
Q

Keeps track of the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched and executed.

A

Program Counter

23
Q

Holds the currently fetched instruction being executed by the CPU.

A

Instruction Register

24
Q

Stores the memory address that is to be accessed for reading or writing data.

A

Memory Address Register

25
Q

Holds the data retrieved from memory or the data to be written to memory.

A

Memory Data Register

26
Q

Stores the result of arithmetic and logic operations performed by the CPU.

A

Accumulator

27
Q

It is a super-fast memory that stores frequently used data from main memory.

A

Cache memory

28
Q

Maps each block of main memory into only one possible cache line.

A

Direct Mapping

29
Q

It is used to store the content and addresses of the memory word

A

Associative Mapping

30
Q

It is an enhanced form of direct mapping where the drawbacks of direct mapping are removed.

A

Set-Associative Mapping

31
Q

Three types of Cache Mapping

A

Direct, Associative, Set-Associative

32
Q

It is a crucial part of modern computers that stores programs and information for the processor to use.

A

Main Memory / RAM

33
Q

Types of Main Memory

A

Static, Dynamic

34
Q

It is a small but extremely fast type of memory that stores frequently accessed data.

A

Static Memory

35
Q

It is used as the main memory in most computers and mobile devices because of its high density and lower cost per bit.

A

Dynamic RAM

36
Q

This includes hard disk drives (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD), is a type of non-volatile memory that has a much larger storage capacity than main memory.

A

Secondary storage

37
Q

It is a way of organizing computer memory in a hierarchical manner, with different levels of memory having varying levels of speed, capacity, and cost.

A

Memory Hierarchy

38
Q

A technique that allows a processor to execute multiple instructions at the same time, by breaking them down into smaller steps.

A

Pipelining

39
Q

In this stage the CPU reads instructions from the address in the memory whose value is present in the program counter.

A

Stage 1 (Instruction Fetch)

40
Q

In this stage, memory operands are read and written from/to the memory that is present in the instruction.

A

Stage 4 (Memory Access)

41
Q

In this stage, ALU operations are performed.

A

Stage 3 (Instruction Execute)

42
Q

In this stage, instruction is decoded and the register file is accessed to get the values from the registers used in the instruction.

A

Stage 2 (Instruction Decode)

43
Q

In this stage, computed/fetched value is written back to the register present in the instructions.

A

Stage 5 (Write Back)

44
Q

It represents the stages in which an instruction is moved through the various segments of the processor, starting from fetching and then buffering, decoding and executing.

A

Instruction pipeline

45
Q

It represents the parts of an arithmetic operation that can be broken down and overlapped as they are performed.

A

Arithmetic pipeline

46
Q

It emphasizes to build complex instructions directly in the hardware because the hardware is always faster than software.

A

Complex Instruction Set Computer

47
Q

It require several transistors, making it cheaper to design and reduce the execution time for instruction.

A

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor

48
Q

A microprocessor architecture with a simple collection and highly customized set of instructions. It is built to minimize the instruction execution time by optimizing and limiting the number of instructions.

A

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor

49
Q

RISC Three (3) Parameters

A

Fetch, Decode, Execute

50
Q

Give 5 Registers

A

Program Counter, Instruction Register, Memory Address Register, Memory Data Register, Accumulator

MIDTERM - 2 - 2 (3 decks)

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