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history > year 10 eoy key topic 2: hitler's rise to power 1919-1933 > Flashcards

year 10 eoy key topic 2: hitler's rise to power 1919-1933 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the official name for the nazis?

A

national socialist german workers party (NSDAP)

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2
Q

when did Hitler become the leader of the Nazi party?

A

July 1921

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3
Q

what were the key nazi ideas (in 25 points)

A
  • abolish ToV
  • destroy weimar gov
  • destroy marxism
  • challenge terror or violence with your own terror or violence
  • remove jewish people from all positions of leadership in germany
  • no non-germans to be newspaper editors
  • educate gifted children at the states expense
  • increase old age pension
  • strong central gov
  • nationalise important industries
  • conquer lebensraum
  • rearm germany
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4
Q

when were the SA formed, who were they, and who commanded them?

A

August 1921, they were a parliamentary force made up of unemployed ex soldiers, put under the control of Ernst Rohm

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5
Q

what colour uniform did the SA wear, and what were they therefore nicknamed?

A

brown uniforms, they were called ‘brownshirts’

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6
Q

how many members did the SA have by November 1923?

A

50,000

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7
Q

why did hitler attempt the Munich Putsch?

A
  • to topple the weimar gov
  • to gain support and raise the profile of the nazi party
  • to put pressure on the gov
  • he believed he had support from the army and bavarian gov
  • he believed it was the correct time (1923)
  • hitler wanted a nationalist gov
  • wanted to lead a march similar to mussolini’s
  • weimar republic was seen as weak and hitler was ready to exploit the people’s grievances
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8
Q

why was the timing ‘good’ for the munich putsch?

A
  • the gov would be preoccupied with economic crisis
  • stresemann had just called off passive resistance in the ruhr, so they seemed to have given in to the french = outrage
  • hyperinflation has weakened weimar support
  • it was a state of emergency and hitler was going to take advantage of the chaos
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9
Q

who set up the DAP (nazis)?

A

Anton Drexler

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10
Q

when was the DAP (nazis) set up?

A

Feb 1919

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11
Q

on what day did Hitler and the SA burst into the beer hall for the munich putsch?

A

8th November 1923

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12
Q

what was happening in the beer hall that hitler burst into in the munich putsch?

A

there was a political meeting going on which was being attended by Gustav von Kahr (head of bavarian gov), Seisser, Lossow

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13
Q

who did Hitler march with through munich the day after the beer hall?

A

Luddendorf, and 3000 supporters

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14
Q

how many marchers were killed in the munich putsch?

A

16

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15
Q

when was hitler arrested the nazi party was banned?

A

11th november 1923

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16
Q

how many years was hitler sentenced to and what was he found guilty of?

A

5 years, he was guilty of treason

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17
Q

when was hitler released from prison?

A

after 9 months, December 1924

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18
Q

when was the ban on the nazis lifted?

A

February 1925

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19
Q

what was hitler’s book called?

A

Mein Kampf

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20
Q

what was the membership of the party in 1928?

A

100,000

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21
Q

who was appointed to take care of nazi propaganda?

A

joseph goebbels

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22
Q

what percentage of the population supported the nazis in 1928?

A

3% (less than the commies)

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23
Q

what are some examples that the nazis did not do well between 1924-1929?

A
  • there were quarrels and disagreements during hitler a time in prison
  • economic recovery meant there was little support for extremists
  • it only won 12 seats in the 1928 election
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24
Q

what are some examples that the nazis did well during 1924-1929?

A
  • won 32 seats in the 1924 elections
  • mein kampf provided key ideas for the development of the nazi party with its focus on the importance of propaganda and antisemitism
  • hitler reorganised the party to make it more efficient
  • 1926 bamberg party conference, hitler continued to strengthen his position possible rivals to hitlers leadership were won over or removed from the party
  • membership increased to 100,000 members in 1928
  • hitler set up the SS who acted as hitlers personal bodyguards. they were under the control of himmler who expanded the SS to 3000 members by 1930
25
Q

why did the nazis have limited support between 1923-1929?

A

the economy was getting better thanks to the new currency, dawes, and young plan, so there was less support for extremist parties. moderate SPD won 30% in may 1928
germany got better status in the world so there was less support for nationalists
hindenburg became president so people were more supportive of the gov and were less inclined to support parties who wanted to scrap it
the working class did not support the nazis, and the nazis won only 1% of the votes in berlin and the ruhr

26
Q

when did stresemann die and how?

A

3rd october 1929 by heart attack

27
Q

when was the wall street crash?

A

october 1929

28
Q

why was germany affected by the wall street crash?

A

american banks and businesses asked german banks to pay back the money they had borrowed so there was an economic collapse in germany

29
Q

what was the fall in industrial output between 1929-1932?

A

1929-1930: 10% fall
1929-1931: 30% fall
1929-1932: 40% fall

30
Q

how many were unemployed in september 1929?

A

1.3 million

31
Q

how many were unemployed in september 1931?

A

4.3 million

32
Q

how many were unemployed in september 1932?

A

5.1 million

33
Q

how many were unemployed in january 1933?

A

6.1 million

34
Q

who suffered the most during the great depression?

A
  • the unemployed as the gov stopped being able to unemployment benefits, and taxes were raised
  • savers, the value of shares crashed so the value of their savings crashed too
  • workers, taxes went up and employers cut wages
35
Q

what did the wall street crash cause in germany?

A

the great depression

36
Q

who was the chancellor between 1940-1932?

A

Heinrich Bruning

37
Q

what did bruning use to pass laws?

A

article 48

38
Q

when did bruning resign?

A

may 1932

39
Q

how many seats did the SPD’s get in may 1928, sept 1930, july 1932?

A

may 1928: 152
sept 1930: 143
july 1932: 133

40
Q

how many seats did the NSDAP get in may 1928, sept 1930, july 1932?

A

may 1928: 12
sept 1930: 107
July 1932: 230

41
Q

how many seats did the KPD (commies) get in may 1928, sept 1930, july 1932?

A

may 1928: 54
sept 1930: 77
july 1932: 89

42
Q

why was hitler appealing to the germans?

A

he was a strong leader who promised to restore law and order to force other countries to scrap the ToV. he was very popular, featured prominently in the nazi posters and spoke in as many parts of the country as he could. he used aeroplanes in the campaign for the 1930/1932 election, and had support of wealthy businessmen s who funded the costs of an election campaign

43
Q

why was the SA convince people to support the nazis?

A

the uniforms made them look organised and disciplined. during economic and social troubles the SA made the nazis look strong enough to control unrest and stand up to foreign powers. the SA disrupted the opposition meetings and had a stronger private army than the communists. they turned tore down the oppositions posters, intimidated the their candidates, and broke into their offices, disrupting their rallies. in one clash with the commies near hamburg, 18 people were killed

44
Q

how did propaganda convince people to support the nazis?

A

joseph goebbels was a master of propaganda and used every possible method to get across the nazi message. posters targeted different audiences and were timed to have max impact. their message was generally simple but clear

45
Q

why did big businessmen support the nazis?

A

wealthy industrialists supported the nazi party. hitler persuaded businessmen that the nazis were the best hope of protection from the commies. nazis benefitted as wealthy businessmen like Benz and Krupp poured money into the NSDAP

46
Q

why did the working class support the nazis?

A

the nazi trad policies appealed to workers especially with the promise of work and bread on posters

47
Q

why did the middle class support the nazis?

A

hitler could help the middle class recover from their extreme loss of savings. the commies wanted to abolish private ownership of land and businesses, and the middle class saw the nazis as a strong party that could protect them from this. many middle class people did not like the drinking and social openness of the weimar republic, the nazis had trad german values on these policies

48
Q

why did the farmers support the nazis?

A

in 1928 the nazi policy of confiscating all private land was changed to just private land owned by jews which reassured farmers

49
Q

why did young people support the nazis?

A

the nazi party was exciting - there were rallies and the speeches were always stirring and promising more traditional parties

50
Q

why did women support the nazis?

A

the nazis had a more trad view on women, they shod play a special role as mothers and wives
more women liked this idea

51
Q

who is bruning replaced by and when?

A

vom papen, who is put forward by von schleicher
may 1932

52
Q

what does bruning ban in april 1932?

A

the SA and SS

53
Q

what had von schleicher been planning?

A

a coalition between right wing supporters and the nazis. hitlers only term is if the sa get un-banned, and the coalition takes power

54
Q

when does von schleicher become chancellor?

A

december 1932

55
Q

what does von schleicher want to be?

A

head of military dictatorship

56
Q

who convinces hindenburg to appoint hitler as chancellor?

A

von papen, and he says to put him as vice chancellor so he can keep an eye on hitler

57
Q

why is von papen removed from chancellor?

A

von schleicher warns hindenburg that there will be civil war if he stays

58
Q

when does hitler become chancellor?

A

30th january 1933

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