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Communications > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Self-concept Definition

A

Relatively stable perception people have of themselves

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2
Q

Presenting-self Definition

A

Image a person presents to others, may be identical or different from ideal and perceived selves

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3
Q

Stereotypes Definition

A

Generalization of people, places, events held by many people in a society

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4
Q

Self-serving Bias Definition

A

Tendency to interpret and explain info in a way that casts us in the most favorable manner

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5
Q

Primacy Effect Definition

A

Ability of one’s first impressions to color later impressions

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6
Q

4 Windows of Johari Window

A

Open: info we know and others know
Blind: info we don’t know about ourselves but others do know
Hidden: info we know but others do not
Unknown: no one knows

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7
Q

How does self-esteem impact the way we communicate

A

Those with high self esteem communicate better and have close, supportive interactions. They also are more likely to take a chance on starting a new relationship and showing affection to others

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8
Q

Task Oriented Listening Definition

A

Complete job/make decision

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9
Q

Relational Listening Definition

A

Build closeness

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10
Q

Analytical Listening Definition

A

Understand message prior to evaluation

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11
Q

Critical Listening Definition

A

Determine accuracy

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12
Q

Appreciative Listening Definition

A

Pleasure/relaxation

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13
Q

Supportive Listening Definition

A

The reception approach to use when others seek help for personal dilemmas

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14
Q

What are the 4 steps in analytical listening

A
  1. Listen carefully
  2. Explain the concept like you are talking to a child
  3. Consider which aspects are clear or not clear
  4. Review the original info to better understand details
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15
Q

What are the 4 types of delivery

A
  1. Extemporaneous
  2. Impromptu
  3. Manuscript
  4. Memorized
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16
Q

What are the 3 functions of a conclusion

A
  1. Restate the thesis
  2. Review your main points
  3. Provide a memorable final remark
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17
Q

Statistics Definition

A

Numbers arranged or organized to show how a fact/principle is true for a large percentage of cases

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18
Q

Testimony Definition

A

Supporting material that proves or illustrates a point by citing an authoritative source

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19
Q

Analogies Definition

A

Extended comparison that can be used as supporting material in a speech

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20
Q

What are the 4 rules for using statistics

A
  1. Make sure they make sense
  2. Make sure they are credible
  3. Cite them
  4. Effectiveness rather than ethics
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21
Q

What are the most common patterns of organization used for persuasive speaking

A
  • time
  • space
  • topic
  • problem-solution
  • cause-effect
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22
Q

Convergence Definition

A

Accommodating one’s speaking style to another person

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23
Q

Euphemism Definition

A

Word to substitute a harsher word

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24
Q

Denotative Definition

A

Dictionary definition

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25
Q

Connotative Definition

A

Subjective meaning, one’s personal meaning of a word

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26
Q

Emblems Definition

A

Deliberate gestures with precise meanings, known to virtually all members of a cultural group

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27
Q

Illustrators Definition

A

Nonverbal behaviors that accompany and support verbal messages

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28
Q

What are the 4 types of distance

A
  1. Intimate (0-18in.)
  2. Personal (18in.-4ft.)
  3. Social (4-12ft.)
  4. Public (12ft. to limit of sight)
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29
Q

Nonverbal Definition

A

Messages expressed through nonlinguistic means

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30
Q

Nonverbal differences between men and women

A

Women are…
- more nonverbally expressive
- better at recognizing nonverbal behavior
- smile more
- use more hand gestures
- touch others more
- stand closer to others
- make more eye contact

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31
Q

Culture Definition

A

Language, values, beliefs, tradition, and customs that people share and learn

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32
Q

Uncertainty Avoidance Definition

A

Your ability to accept or resist uncertainty, like/dislike rules

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33
Q

Collectivism Definition

A

Focus on welfare of group, ‘we’ mentality, high context

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34
Q

Individualism Definition

A

Focus on individual, ‘I’ mentality, low context

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35
Q

High Power Distance Definition

A

Accepts power difference, parents and elderly are respected, education is teacher centered, subordinates are not consulted

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36
Q

Low Power Distance Definition

A

Believe all are equal, parents treat kids as equals, education is student centered, subordinates are consulted

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37
Q

Interpersonal Communication Definition

A

2-way interactions between people who are a part of a close and irreplaceable relationship in which they treat each other as unique individuals

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38
Q

Autistic Society Definition

A

Society at home with computers, but disadvantaged when it comes to establishing human intimacy

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39
Q

High-tech-high-touch Society Definition

A

Technologically advanced society that values interpersonal relationships

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40
Q

How do early definitions of interpersonal communication differ from current definitions?

A

Early definitions required communication to take place in person

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41
Q

What are some advantages of mediated interpersonal communication?

A
  • Help people stay connected
  • Feels nonthreatening
  • Can be validating
  • Asynchronous
  • Allows us to think before we react
42
Q

What are some disadvantages of mediated interpersonal communication?

A
  • Phubbing
  • Quantity over quality
43
Q

What are three basic needs for fulfillment in interpersonal relationships?

A
  • Inclusion
  • Control
  • Affection
44
Q

Which need makes us want to start a relationship?

A

Inclusion

45
Q

What are the 8 characteristics we used to evaluate relationship potential?

A
  • physical attractiveness
  • similarity
  • balance
  • reciprocal liking
  • trait attraction
  • self disclosure
  • proximity
  • rewards
46
Q

What are the 8 different types of friendships?

A
  • youthful vs mature
  • short-term vs long-term
  • low vs high disclosure
  • doing vs being
  • low vs high obligation
  • frequent vs occasional contact
  • same sex vs cross sex
  • in-person vs mediated
47
Q

Who is more critical of friendship rule violations?

A

Women

48
Q

Who is more attracted to their cross sex friends?

A

Men

49
Q

Family Definition

A

Collection of people who share affection and resources and who think of themselves and present themselves as a family

50
Q

What are the 5 love languages?

A
  1. Affirming words: compliments, statements of love
  2. Quality time: doing things together
  3. Acts of Service: perform favors, do chores
  4. Gifts: flowers, candy, cards
  5. Physical Touch: hugs, holding hands, kissing
51
Q

Content Messages Definition

A

Focus on the subject being discussed

52
Q

Relational Messages Definition

A

Express the social relationship between two or more people

53
Q

What are the stages in leading to intimacy?

A
  1. Initiating: first contact
  2. Experimenting: small talk
  3. Intensifying: “good friends”
  4. Integrating: coupling
  5. Bonding: formal commitment
54
Q

What are the stages in leading to termination?

A
  1. Differentiating: regain unique identities
  2. Circumscribing: quality and quantity of communication decreases
  3. Stagnating: communication at a standstill
  4. Avoiding: intentionally staying away from one another
  5. Terminating: the end
55
Q

Social Penetration Theory Definition

A

Describes how intimacy can be achieved via the breadth and the depth of self disclosure, relationships begin with relatively narrow breadth and shallow depth and develop over time

56
Q

Depth Definition

A

How deeply you discuss something, personal about the topic

57
Q

Breadth Definition

A

Number of topics you discuss with someone

58
Q

Self-Disclosure Definition

A

Revealing to another person something about yourself he/she would not normally know

59
Q

Social Exchange Theory Definition

A

We stay in relationships as long as the rewards outweigh the costs

60
Q

Comparison Level Definition

A

Expectation of the kinds of rewards and profits we believe ought to derive from a relationship

61
Q

Comparison Level for Alternatives Definition

A

Comparing of rewards derived from a current relationship with ones we expect to get from an alternative relationship

62
Q

Relational Dialectic Theory Definition

A

Relationships oscillate between contradictory goals or desires

63
Q

What are the 3 dialectics?

A
  • connection vs autonomy
  • openness vs privacy
  • predictability vs novelty
64
Q

Denial Definition

A

Deny the dialectics exist

65
Q

Alternation Definition

A

The repeated occurrence of two things in turn

66
Q

Conflict Definition

A

An expressed struggle between at least 2 interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from other parties in achieving their goals

67
Q

Confirming Messages Definition

A

Actions and words that express respect and show we value the other person

68
Q

Disconfirming Messages Definition

A

Actions and words that express a lack of caring or respect

69
Q

What are the 4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse?

A
  • criticism
  • contempt
  • defensiveness
  • stonewalling
70
Q

Emotional State Definition

A

Single temporary emotional condition

71
Q

Emotional Trait Definition

A

Persistent and stable emotion felt consistently overtime

72
Q

Non-Assertion Definition

A

Inability or unwillingness to express one’s thoughts

73
Q

Passive Aggressive Definition

A

Indirect aggression

74
Q

Direct Aggression Definition

A

Expressing one’s own thoughts and feelings at another’s expense

75
Q

Assertion Definition

A

Directly expresses senders needs without attacking the receiver

76
Q

What are the 3 methods for conflict resolution?

A
  • Win-Win (collaboration)
  • Win-lose
  • Lose-lose (compromise)
77
Q

Small Group Definition

A

Small collection of people whose members interact with one another overtime in order to reach goals, usually face-to-face

78
Q

Interaction Definition

A

Individuals who interact verbally and nonverbally, occupies certain roles with respect to one another, and cooperate to accomplish a goal

79
Q

Interdependence Definition

A

One person’s behavior affects everyone else

80
Q

Time Definition

A

Groups usually work together long enough to develop an identity and history

81
Q

Size of Small Groups

A

3-20(ish)

82
Q

How is a team different from a group?

A

A team is when members work closely together, while a group’s members can be independent from one another

83
Q

Brainstorming Definition

A

Generates ideas, encourages creativity

84
Q

Social Loafing Definition

A

Phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group rather than working alone

85
Q

Group Rules Definition

A

Official guidelines for behavior

86
Q

Group Norms Definition

A

Informal rules of interaction

87
Q

Group Forming Process

A
  1. Forming: group comes together
  2. Storming: group experiences conflict
  3. Norming: group adapts
  4. Performing: group functions cohesively
88
Q

Group Ecology Definition

A

Groups use of space created by seating and furniture arrangement

89
Q

What are the 3 communication networks?

A
  • Chain
  • Wheel
  • All-Channel
90
Q

Trait Approach Definition

A

Certain traits make a great leader, great leaders are born

91
Q

Functional Approach Definition

A

Views leadership as a set of behaviors that may be enacted by any group member

92
Q

Situational Approach Definition

A

Leaders should adapt to situations, context matters, style matters

93
Q

Type X Definition

A

Does not trust group members to work and is unconcerned with the personal achievement of group members

94
Q

Type Y Definition

A

Displays trust in group members and is concerned with their sense of personal achievement

95
Q

Laissez-Faire Definition

A

Passive, hands-off attitude

96
Q

Democratic Definition

A

Decisions made in consultation with the group

97
Q

Transformational Leader Definition

A

Lead inspires followers to act beyond self interest

98
Q

According to the Minnesota studies, how do people become leaders?

A

Rejected Leaders: too quiet or overly talkative, leadership style that may be inappropriate for situation
Accepted Leaders: likely to participate often, show competence, be assertive, support others, provide solutions

99
Q

What are the 5 decision-making models?

A
  • Consensus
  • Majority rule
  • Minority control
  • Expert opinion
  • Authority rule
100
Q

Group Think Definition

A

An illusion of agreement, type of thinking that occurs when a group strives to minimize conflict, maximize cohesiveness, and reach consensus without testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas

Communications (2 decks)

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