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pharmacology i > diuretics > Flashcards

diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

segment of the loop extremely impermeable to water

A

Thick ascending limb

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2
Q

what is the MOA of Furosemide

A
  • inhibits NKCC transporter, reducing the absorption of Na
  • increases excretion of Mg and Ca
  • induces prostaglandin synthesis
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3
Q

how does furosemide relieve pumonary congestion

A

by increasing systemic venous capacitance through increased prostaglandin synthesis

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4
Q

what diuretics cause hypokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis

A

loop diuretics

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5
Q

furosemide is labeled for use in what animals

A
  • cats
  • dogs
  • cattle
  • horses
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6
Q

DOG for rapid mobilization of edema fluid arising from HF, liver dz, etc

A

furosemide

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7
Q

used in the treatment of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuric nephropathy in dogs and cats

A

furosemide

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8
Q

this drug can be combined w/ mannitol to maintain urine flow in severe oliguria and renal failure

A

furosemide

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9
Q

used to prevent excercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage and epistaxis in race horses

A

furosemide

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10
Q

administration of furosemide

A

oral and parenteral

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11
Q

furosemide excretion

A

kidney; half life is dependant on renal function

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12
Q

the ______ induced by furosemide diuresis potentiates ______ toxicity

A

digitalis

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13
Q

at what site do Thiazides inhibit Na transport, causing diuresis

A

distal convoluted tubule “distal diluting site”

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14
Q

how do thiazides work

A

inhibit Na/Cl symporter, causing tubular urine to become dilute

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15
Q

why can action of thiazides be inhibited by NSAIDs

A

their effect is dependent on prostaglandin synthesis

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16
Q

what drug is used in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

17
Q

what drug is used as a long ter diuretic therapy in dogs and cats w/ HF & prevents calcium oxalate uroliths

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

18
Q

what is the use for Chlorothiazide

A

FDA approved for use in the treatment of dairy cattle post-partum udder edema

19
Q

what part of the nephron do K+ sparing diuretics work

A

cortical collecting duct

20
Q

K+ sparing diuretics are ______ antagonists

A

aldosterone

21
Q

what drug is used in CHF (unreponsive to furosemide), hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome & severe ascites

A

Spironolactone

22
Q

what drug has to be metabolized in the liver into its active metabolite

A

spironolactone

23
Q

spironolactone is typically combined with what other drug(s)

A

furosemide or a thiazide

24
Q

contraindication of spironolactone

A

patients on ACE inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers)

25
Q

diuretic that can only be administered IV

A

mannitol

26
Q

mannitol is filtered but not reabsorbed by the ….

A

kidneys

27
Q

what does mannitol do

A

keeps water in tubules –> produces water diuresis

28
Q

what are the uses of mannitol

A
  • prophylaxis of acute renal failure
  • reduce IOP
  • reduce intracranial pressure
  • protect kidney against neprhotoxic substances
29
Q

adverse effects of mannitol

A
  • extracellular volume expansion
  • might cause pulmonary edema in HF
  • headache, V+, nausea
  • dehydration and hypernatremia
30
Q

how do CA inhibitors work

A
  • inhibit CA in luminal membranes of the proximal tubule cells
  • blocks HCO3 reabsorption
  • reduces Na+ reabsorption
  • increases Na/K exchange
31
Q

what is the use of Acetazolamide

A
  • reduce rate of aqeous humor production in dogs/cats w/ glaucomas (given 2-3xday)
  • adjunct in treatment of HYPP
32
Q

what drug is classified as a diuretic but not used as one

A

Acetazolamide

33
Q

Acetazolamide contraindications

A
  • hepatic cirrhosis (b/c decreases excretion of ammonia)
  • sulfonamide hypersensitivity
34
Q

what diuretics cause acidosis, which cause alkalosis

A
  • acidosis: potassium sparing & CA inhibitors
  • alkalosis: loop diuretics & thiazides

pharmacology i (21 decks)

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