AP test page 2 Flashcards
Catholic beliefs and practices
Need 7 sacraments and good works for heaven
Pope=head of church, power of excommunication, and infallible, interdiction, called for Crusades
Must confess sins to a priest for forgiveness
Roman cultural and Latin language heritage
Fancy chapels and cathedrals
Priest cannot marry and must be men
Why did the Crusaders go on the Crusades?
Pope demanded that European Christian knights unite to take back the holy land from the Muslims
Adventure
Opportunity for conquest
Sins automatically were forgiven for Knights who participated
What did the West learn from Islamic civilization from the Crusades
Muslims dominated the Crusades in war, but trade increased and they learned from the Islamic world
What is the origin of the Byzantine empire? What religion was it?
After the western Roman empire fell in 476, the Eastern roman empire continued until 1453. The religion was Eastern Orthodox Christianity
What was the Byzantine’s relationship with Christianity? What was their emperor’s role?
Considered themselves the leaders of Christianity(didn’t acknowledge Pope). Emperor was equal to the apostles, called councils to settle disputes within religion, and led the religion and country.
What was the East-West schism about?
In 1054, the schism split the Byzantine form of Christianity with Catholic Christianity. The Byzantines didn’t recognize the Pope, the holy Roman emperor, and had theological differences
Significance of the fourth crusade and the Byzantine empire
Being desperate for money to pay Venice, the Crusaders sacked Constantinople and ruled it for several decades. This weakend the empire and led to greater Islamic expansion
After the Byzantine empire ended, which civilization/leader claimed to be the leader of Orthodox Christianity?
Russia became the new center, and their leader (Czar) became the head Christian
What was the purpose of the holy Roman empire?
Supposed to be secular ruler while the pope was supposed to be the spiritual leader of “Christendom”
What were three problems from the start for the Holy Roman empire?
Power struggles between the pope and the holy Roman emperor
Holy Roman empire was not unified (no capital)
Byzantines didn’t respect the arrangement
Who is the founder of Islam, where is he from, how old is it, and is it poly or mono?
Muhammed, present-day Saudi Arabia, 610 AD, mono
Which monotheism takes their holy book the most seriously?
Islam. The Qur’an is only officially in Arabic and is said to be the literal word of God.
What is the ummah idea in Islam?
The idea that the community of Muslims is important; religion and government are united in Islam
