Human Nutrition (Digestive System)

Question 1

Differentiate between herbivores, carnivores and omnivores

Answer 1

Herbivores: Eat plants e.g rabbits, cattle, sheep
Carnivores: Eat other organisms e.g fox’s cats dogs
Omnivores: Eat plant and animals e.g humans bears hedgehogs

Question 2

What is the need for the digestive system?

Answer 2

To allow for the breaking down of bigger foods for easier absorption into the blood

Question 3

What is digestion?

Answer 3

The physical and chemical breakdown of food

Question 4

What is the order of thr main events in human nutrition

Answer 4

1. Ingestion (taking in food)
2. Digestion (breaking down of food)
3. Absorption (intestines)
4. Egestion (removal of waste)

Question 5

Give examples of where both physical and chemical digestion occurs

Answer 5

Physical: the mouth
Chemical: the stomach

Question 6

What is the dental formula

Answer 6

2(i2/2 C1/1 P2/2 M3/3)

Question 7

What enzyme is secreted by the salivary glands and what does it break down

Answer 7

Amylase, starch into maltose

Question 8

What separates the trachea and oesophagus

Answer 8

Epiglottis

Question 9

What process moves food down the oesophagus

Answer 9

Peristalsis

Question 10

What form of fibre stimulates peristalsis

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

Define peristalsis

Answer 11

A wave of muscular action in the walls of the alimentary canal that moves contents along

Question 12

What is the acid in the stomach called

Answer 12

Hydrochloric acid

Question 13

What enzyme breaks down protein

Answer 13

Pepsin, turns into peptides

Question 14

Give another role of stomach acid other than digestion

Answer 14

Kill bacteria

Question 15

What organ secretes lipase and amylase

Answer 15

The pancreas

Question 16

What are some of the roles of the liver

Answer 16

1. Break down red blood cells
2. Make bile
3. Detox the body
4. Break down amino acids to urea
5. Produce heat

Question 17

What is the function of bile

Answer 17

Neutralise the stomach acid (chyme) that enters from the stomach into the duodenum

Question 18

What are the 2 parts of the small intestine

Answer 18

The duodenum and ileum

Question 19

What is the role of the duodenum

Answer 19

Digestion and secretion of intestinal juice

Question 20

What are the lining of the intestines called

Answer 20

Villi

Question 21

What is the role of the villi

Answer 21

Absorption of food through diffusion

Question 22

What are some adaptations of the villi for absorption

Answer 22

1. Large surface area
2. Cell walls are one cell thick
3. Rich blood supply

Question 23

What is found inside the villi other than blood capillaries

Answer 23

Lacteals that hold lymph

Question 24

What are adaptations of the small intestine for absorption

Answer 24

1. Very long
2. Has numerous villi
3. Each villi has a lymph supply that carries fat away

Question 25

What liquid absorbs fat into the bloodstream.

Answer 25

Lymph

Question 26

What is the role of the large intestine

Answer 26

Absorb any left over nutrients in the form of liquids

Question 27

What vitamins do the symbiotic bacteria in the colon produce

Answer 27

Vit B and vit K

Question 28

Name a Digestive enzyme for carbs, proteins and lipids

Answer 28

Carbs: amylase
Proteins: protease
Lipids: lipase