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Greek and Roman Coins > Roman Coinage system > Flashcards

Roman Coinage system Flashcards

1
Q

Start of Roman struck silver coins

A

c.300 BC

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2
Q

Start of Roman struck bronze coins

A

c.320 BC

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2
Q

Start of Roman aes grave

A

320s BC

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3
Q

establishment of the coherent Roman monetary system

A

c.264 BC

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4
Q

Introduction of gold coins in new system of second PW

A

c.214-12 BC

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5
Q

Introduction of silver denarius in new system of second PW

A

c.211 BC

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6
Q

Start of victoriatus

A

c.212

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7
Q

End of victoriatus

A

170 BC

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8
Q

How were cast coins made?

A

pour metal into mould

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9
Q

What system did Aug organise in coinage reforms?

A

5 denom bronze series:
sestertius
dupondius
as
semis
quadrans
2 silver coins:
denarius
quinarius
gold

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10
Q

How could an imperial as and dupondius be distinguished?

A

dupondius shows the emperor in radiate crown

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11
Q

What were the gold denoms in the Republican denarius system? value mark?

A

60-as LX
40-as XL
20-as XX

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12
Q

What were the silver denoms in the Republican denarius system? as equiv? value mark?

A

denarius 10 X
quinarius 5 V
sestertius 2.5 IIS

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13
Q

What were the bronze denoms in the Republican denarius system? as equiv? value mark?

A

dupondius 2 II
as 1 I
semis 1/2 S
triens 1/3 (4 circles)
quadrans 1/4 (3 circs)
sextans 1/6 (2 circles)
uncia 1/12 (1 circle)
semiuncia 1/24 Σ

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14
Q

What was the short term silver denom? Value?

A

victoriatus
uncertain (no value mark): poss didrachm, poss special status value

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15
Q

What was gold denom in Imperial system (to c286 BCE)? as value?

A

aureus 400

16
Q

What were silver denoms in Imperial system (to c286 CE)? as value?

A

denarius 16
quinarius 8

17
Q

What were bronze denoms in Imperial system (to c286 CE)? as value?

A

sestertius 4
dupondius 2
as 1

18
Q

What was the range of denoms, material, and their nummus equiv after Diocletian reforms?

A

solidus Au 40
denarius Ag 12.5-25
argentus Ag 4
nummus billon 1
radiate bronze 1/5

19
Q

In what period was the antoninianus minted?

A

c240 (time when it replaced denarius) to end of 3rd cent

20
Q

What changed to the Antoninianus in the period it was minted?

A

debased so much so as to change from silver to bronze material

21
Q

What monetary impact did Antoninianus initially have?

A

led to phasing out of denarius as people hoarded them due to higher intrinsic value

22
Q

At what value was Antoninianus when introduced? What value mark did it attain c271 and poss meaning?

A

1.5 denarii
XXI (POSSIBLY 20:1 bronze: silver ratio)

23
Q

What was the antoninianus reformed to by end of 3rd cent CE?

A

radiate

24
Q

When did Roman coinage first get made? What was it?

A

c320 BCE
bronze

25
Q

What was earliest form of money in Rome? Origins?

A

struck bronze - aes signatum
ramo secco tradition of Italian cultures (cast iron and bronze ingots of varying weights)

26
Q

Features of aes signatum?

A

-fixed weight
-stamped image

27
Q

Feature of aes grave?

A

-COINAGE rather than lumps of metal
-images on both sides
-value marks based on as value

28
Q

What key italian mints influenced early R coinage?

A

Naples
Campania
Etruria

29
Q

What was the role of tresviri monetales in the empire?

A

oversaw the minting of ordinary issues

30
Q

Proper name of Caracalla? Signif?

A

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
He introd and is namesake of antoniniani

31
Q

What law explains the phasing out of the denarius due to Antoninianus use? What is it?

A

Gresham’s law
‘bad money drives out good’
consumers y will hand over the overvalued coins, keeping the others for themselves; the intrinsically less valuable money is preferred in exchange, because people prefer to save the intrinsically more valuable money.

32
Q

What are the two reasons a consumer may keep coinage in line w Greshams law?

A

to melt down to bullion
use in international trade

33
Q

Evidence of awareness of Gresham’s Law in 5th cent BCE?

A

Aristophanes frogs
‘Gold or silver, each well minted, tested each and ringing clear.
Yet, we never use them! Others always pass from hand to hand.’
in comparison beyween coins and political men

34
Q

Two options for the mint of the empire?

A

Lugdunum and Rome

35
Q

Evidence for R mint at Lugdunum? Problems?

A

strabo refers to an imperial mint there
local inscrips refer to minting activity

Greek and Roman Coins (13 decks)

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