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computer studies igcse > algorithm design and problem solving > Flashcards

algorithm design and problem solving Flashcards

1
Q

whats pdlc

A

program development life cycle
steps followed in developing a program

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2
Q

what are the steps in pdlc and what do they stand for

A

analysis- understanding inputs needed and if enough resources available
design- technical and visual aspects of product
coding- programming implementation of design and analysis
testing- testing if program functions in intended way

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3
Q

what happens if program doesnt work in inteded way

A

process loops, goes back to analysis stage to find problem and how to fix it, this is called iteration

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4
Q

what are the three parts of the analysis stage

A

abstracting problem
decomposing problem
identifying requirements

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5
Q

describe the abstracting problem phase in analysis

A

abstraction- process of including only specific details of problem higher level of abstraction is more removed program is from direct control of cpu

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6
Q

describe the decomposing problem phase in analysis

A

process of breaking big probelm into smaller manageable chunks

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7
Q

describe the indentifying requirements phase in analysis

A

requeirements- specific mandatory conditions, must be carried out to be certain of final outcome
question on requirements usually passed to client or user by program designer

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8
Q

describe design stage

A

representing program before writing code, expresses how code would work what input are how logic would be coded etc.
involves similiar decomposition stage to the anaylisis stage, includes 3 representations structure diagram, flowchartm and pseudocode

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9
Q

what are the processes in the design stage

A

client feedback
ease of sharing- feedback from other programer
ease of modification- where to implement amendments

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10
Q

what are the three representations possible in design stage

A

flowchart
pseudocode
strucutre diagram

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11
Q

describe structure diagrams

A

represent sub systems, each level is less abstracted than above
helps to split and delegate development work to teams
help identify which part needs debugging

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12
Q

describe flowcharts and components

A

indicates inputs needed and process to be followed
-> = arrow represents control between shapes, order to be followed
rectangle = process, something being performed eg. declaring
parallelogram= input/ output of data
diamond= decision, results in two lines representing different outcomes eg. if statement
oval= start and stop

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13
Q

describe pseudocode

A

actual code, not understood by computer, only by humans

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14
Q

describe coding stage

A

written in ide- which organises code, debugs, supports many programming languages
has iterative testing in between coding stage

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15
Q

what is meant by iterative testing

A

testing carried out in coding stage
iterative= action carried in a loop until correct outcome
splitting up longer code into smaller chunks called modules
iterative testing applied to each module during coding phase

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16
Q

describe testing phase

A

make sure program works as inteded
iterative testing regularly carried out during coding, 6 different tests that can be carried out

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17
Q

unit testing

A

done by yourself, programmer, on pieces of code that you have written

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18
Q

integration test

A

putting all modules together testing complete system

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19
Q

system testing

A

testing software app you have built

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20
Q

dryrun testing

A

programmer goes over everyline of code and traces how program will bhave

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21
Q

alpha testing

A

prototype product tested by yourself

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22
Q

beta testing

A

near final product testing on sample target audience

23
Q

what are the different testing that can be done

A

unit testing, integration test, system testing, dryrun testing, alpha testing, beta testing

24
Q

what are the different test data

A

normal data, boundary data, extreme data, abnormal data

25
Q

normal data

A

data that are inbetween ranges, should be exepted

26
Q

boundary data

A

pair of values indacting lower and upper boundary 2 should be exepted and 2 shouldnt
eg. if range is between 1-10 including 1 and 10
0, 1, 10, 11 would be boundary data

27
Q

extreme data

A

data at upper and lower bounds are inaccepted range

28
Q

abnormal data

A

any data that should not be accepted, outside range, not correct data type

29
Q

what processes of computer systems are included in structure diagram- decomposing problem

A

input
process
output
storage

30
Q

describe input part of structure diagram

A

how system receives input
what kind of inputs needed
more than one source of input
does input depend on output

31
Q

describe process part of structure diagram

A

primarily requires calculations/ decision/ retrieval of data
either serial or parallel
what does system do to get output
how is input turned into intended output
how many tasks does it take

32
Q

describe output part of structure diagram

A

what kind of output does machine produce
what devices does machine use to deliver output
more than one form of output

33
Q

describe storage part of structure diagram

A

where does data go after output
is it stored
what kind of data is stored

34
Q

what is meant by a variable

A

stores data value in program, values can be changed, data varies

35
Q

what is meant by constant

A

value in a program that isnt altered

36
Q

what is an array

A

stores only same type of data, each element has a unique position, organised sequentially, fixed size, first and last position is known as upper and lower bound

37
Q

what is meant by linear search

A

algorithm where an array is searched sequentially until searched value is confirmed presence or absence, stops either when value found, or when array ends, each value assigned true or false, true= has value

38
Q

what is meant by bubble sorting

A

placing data elements in a particular order, in this case either from larger to smaller or vice versa
everytime a pair of value in data array are reordered= swap
each time full set of values in array have been examined and swapped if necessary= pass

39
Q

what is meant by totalling

A

running total along program, adds current value by previous
eg. total= total + weight

40
Q

what is meant by counting

A

increasing current value by 1 also called incrementing by 1
eg.
count= count + 1

41
Q

what is meant by finding max and min

A

finding largest and smallest value in a array

42
Q

what is meant by average

A

sum of all values/ number of values

43
Q

what is validation

A

making sure data entered is sensible and meaningful, automatic check ensures data correct type and in range 6 types

44
Q

range check

A

verifies if entered value falls within specified range

45
Q

length check

A

validates data based on length or max numbers of characters eg. when writing a password

46
Q

type check

A

confirms correct type of data enter

47
Q

presence check

A

ensures data is present in expected place, eg when answering a form

48
Q

format check

A

input uses specific format eg when entering data of birth must be using forward slashes

49
Q

check digit

A

uses one or two specific characters in a sequence of digits to validate input eg. barcode

50
Q

what are the different checks used in validation

A

range, length, type, presence, format, check digit

51
Q

verification

A

process helps to check if data entered is correct by matching entered data to expected value
visual check
double entery check

52
Q

describe visual check

A

user manually verifies data they inputed against original source of same data, not automated, protects against data errors

53
Q

describe double entry check

A

automated verification check, system asks user to retype same data, compares both entered data must match

54
Q

tracetables

A

method of manually following your code, recording values the computer assigns to each variable, identifies problems in algorithms and debugging a program

computer studies igcse (14 decks)

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