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ap psychology > myers unit two vocab > Flashcards

myers unit two vocab Flashcards

1
Q

what is hindsight bias?

A

tendency to see events after they happen; “I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon”

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2
Q

what is a theory?

A

evidence based ideas to describe a phenomenon; based on a hypothesis

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3
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

a testable statement of a prediction to the outcome of research/study

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4
Q

what is a operational definition?

A

description of an operation that can be observed and measured

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5
Q

what is replication?

A

the reproduction of a study

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6
Q

what is a case study?

A

the in-depth study of one thing (human, group, event, etc)

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7
Q

what is a naturalistic observation?

A

research method in which you record the behaviors of subjects with intervention

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8
Q

what is a survey?

A

collects self-reported data from participants

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9
Q

what is the sampling bias?

A

collection of samples that do not represent the entire group

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10
Q

what is a population?

A

a group of individuals who share characteristics or traits

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11
Q

what is a random sample?

A

every member has the same chance of being selected for a study; example of being assigned a number

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12
Q

what is a correlation?

A

when there is a relationship between variables; but not causation

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13
Q

what is a correlation coefficient?

A

measure of the relationship between two variables; indications of
+1 or -1

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14
Q

what is a variable?

A

items that can be changed/altered

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15
Q

what is a scatterplot?

A

graph representation of the relationship between two variables in the form of dots

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16
Q

what is the illusory correlation?

A

the tendency to correlate when no actual correlation exists

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17
Q

what is regression toward the mean?

A

tendency of results that are extreme by chance on the first trial to move closer to the average in the second trial

18
Q

what is an experiment?

A

the manipulation of the independent variable, the measurement of the dependent variable, and the exposure of various participants to several conditions

19
Q

what is the experimental group?

A

group that receives the testing/treatment

20
Q

what is the control group?

A

the groups who do not receive the testing/treatment

21
Q

what is random assignment?

A

the equal chance of either being in the control or experimental group

22
Q

what is the double-blind procedure?

A

trial in which neither the researcher nor participants know who is receiving what

23
Q

what is the placebo effect?

A

anything that seems to be the “real” treatment; “dummy” treatment

24
Q

what is the independent variable?

A

variable that isn’t changed and stands alone during an experiment

25
Q

what is a confounding variable?

A

an extraneous factor that interferes with the relationship of variables

26
Q

what is the dependent variable?

A

the variable that is being measured or tested

27
Q

what is validity?

A

the assumption that the test measures what it is meant to measure

28
Q

what is informed consent?

A

the process in which researchers work with participants to ensure that participation is voluntary

29
Q

what is debriefing?

A

the giving of information and counseling after an event

30
Q

What are descriptive statistics?

A

used to organize/summarize a particular set of data

31
Q

what is a histogram?

A

vertical bars on a graph used to represent the frequency distribution of a variable

32
Q

what is the mode?

A

most occuring variable

33
Q

what is the mean?

A

average of the variables

34
Q

what is the median?

A

variable in the middle of the data set

35
Q

what is skewed distribution?

A

a data set in which the variables are not spread evenly

36
Q

what is the range?

A

measure of dispersion, distance between the highest and lowest variables

37
Q

what is standard deviation?

A

the measure of scatter in a data set in relation to the data set’s central value

38
Q

what is the normal curve?

A

a bell-shaped distribution

39
Q

what is the inferential statistics?

A

math procedures that allow psychologists to make inferences on the collected data

40
Q

what is the statistical significance?

A

indication of whether or not the difference of groups can be correlated to chance or experimental influences; if it is statistically significant, it doesn’t occur by chance

ap psychology (15 decks)

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