4.2.3 Organic Synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
How to heat under reflux?
A
- continually heats contents of a flask
- oxidation of primary alcohols to proceed all the way to formation of carboxylic acids
- Liebig condenser helps ensure vapours condense and return to flask for further heating
- this ensures the product vapours can not escape
2
Q
Draw a diagram of reflux apparatus
A
See notes
3
Q
How does distillation occur?
A
- distillation apparatus separates liquids with different boiling points
- round bottomed flask is heated and the liquid with a lower boiling pint with evaporated first
- condenser causes vapour to cool and condense back into a liquid which is then collected in a separate flask
4
Q
Draw a diagram of distillation apparatus
A
See notes
5
Q
How can a separating funnel be used?
A
- seperates two liquids with two liquids with different densities
- tap can be opened to collect the bottom, denser liquid in one flask and the second, less dense liquid in a second flask
- usually layers distinguished to be an aqueous and an organic layer
6
Q
How can redistillation be used?
A
- subsequent distillations can be carried out to obtain a purer product
7
Q
How can drying be used?
A
- compound can be dried by addition of an anhydrous salt
- it will absorb moisture and water present, drying and purifying the compound
- common anhydrous salts used are magnesium sulphur and calcium chloride
8
Q
Draw the organic synthesis map
A
See notes
