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D1 Spring > Growth and Development Final > Flashcards

Growth and Development Final Flashcards

1
Q

The tongue pushes from the ________________; cheek pushes from the ______________. The tongue also pushes ______________

A

inside out; outside in; forward

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2
Q

T/F Crowding of mandibular incisors is normal

A

True

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3
Q

T/F Self-correction of crowded mandibular incisors can occur due to tongue pressure

A

True

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4
Q

In what scenario is there a decreased chance of crowding due to the eruption of laterals? What does this allow for?

A

> 6mm spacing between the primary canines & central incisors

Allows for correction via tongue, cheek, lips

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5
Q

A habit that is not apart of feeding/survival and disrupts the balance

A

Parafunctional habit

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6
Q

What is an example of a parafunctional habit?

A

Thumb sucking

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7
Q

How does thumb sucking cause a posterior crossbite?

A

Depresses the tongue, which decreases the lateral push of the tongue on the maxillary molars

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8
Q

What are the types of sucking responses?

A

Nutritive
Non-nutritive
Chronic

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9
Q

Sucking of a digit or pacifier not related to the ingestion of nutrients

A

Non-nutritive response

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10
Q

How prevalent is non-nutritive response in the 1st year of life?

A

50-70%

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11
Q

When must the non-nutritive response stop?

A

By age 3

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12
Q

What 3 things in order make non-nutritive sucking worse?

A

Duration > Magnitude > Frequency

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13
Q

Continues after age 3 and causes distortion of dento-alveolar structures

A

Chronic response

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14
Q

What are examples of distorted dento-alveolar structures as a result of the chronic response?

A

Increased overjet
Class II malocclusion
Posterior crossbite
Anterior open bite

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15
Q

What is the MOST addictive and detrimental habit for babies?

A

Pacifier

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16
Q

What are other things that can cause open occlusion?

A

Allergies, asthma, sleep disturbances

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17
Q

Impact on occlusion?

Habits maintained < 12 months

A

NO adverse effects

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18
Q

Impact on occlusion?

Habits maintained > 36-48 months

A

Altered occlusions

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19
Q

Impact on occlusion?

Thumb sucking

A

Anterior openbite and increased overjet

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20
Q

Impact on occlusion?

Pacifier

A

Posterior crossbite

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21
Q

What has a worse impact on occlusion, bottle or breast?

A

Bottle

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22
Q

Order of congenital missing teeth (ON EXAM)

A

Mandibular 2nd premolar > maxillary lateral incisors > maxillary 2nd premolars

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23
Q

The tooth that is supposed to be erupted normally will over-erupt and the neighboring teeth of the congenitally missing tooth will lean mesial and distal filling the space

A

Result of infra-occlusion

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24
Q

When will infra-occlusion occur?

A

At ages 11-12 you have infra-occlusion of .47mm (.5mm) that is telling us that the tooth might go into infra-occlusion in the long run

At ages 19-20, tooth has a good prognosis, and primary tooth will stay long term

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25
Q

Are laterals the same height as centrals?

A

NO

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26
Q

Supernumerary teeth often __________

A

fuse

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27
Q

Where are mesiodens located most often?

A

Palate

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28
Q

SLOB Rule stands for

A

Same-Lingual Opposite-Buccal

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29
Q

What do you do when you know there is an extra tooth in the patient’s oral cavity but you do not know where in relation to the permanent tooth it is located? (SLOB rule)

A
  1. Place the sensor in the patient’s mouth.
  2. Angle the Cone beam on the right side.
  3. If the tooth moves to the left in the x-ray the beam and tooth are on OPPOSITE sides therefore it is located on the buccal.
30
Q

Alteration of normal eruption path

A

Ectopic eruption

31
Q

Can occur with any teeth; can occur when there is no space so the permanent tooth moves to wherever there is space

A

Ectopic eruption

32
Q

Cessation of eruption due to a physical barrier

A

Impaction

33
Q

Examples of impaction

A

Bone
Soft tissue
Iatrogenic

34
Q

Cessation of eruption prior to emergence. Eruption is stopped before the gingiva is broken

A

Primary retention

35
Q

Cessation after emergence

A

Secondary retention

36
Q

Grade I-II of ectopic eruption of 1st permanent molar

A

Self-corrected (2/3 or 67% will self correct)

37
Q

Grade III-IV of ectopic eruption of 1st permanent molar

A

Less likely to be self-corrected

38
Q

What do you do if the permanent canine crown is pointed medial to the midline of the lateral incisor root?

A

Treatment must be planned immediately - extraction is the best option!

(The permanent canine will find the correct placement if the deciduous lateral incisors are extracted)

39
Q

20% of ectopic canine eruption results in what?

A

Root resorption of adjacent teeth

40
Q

What are ectopic molars more common with?

A

E space preservation

Mandibular = 1.7mm (on one side)
Maxillary = 0.9mm (on one side)

41
Q

The union of a tooth root to the alveolar bone due to the lack of periodontal ligament space

A

Ankylosis

42
Q

What tooth is ankylosis most common in? (ON EXAM)

A

Mandibular 2nd deciduous molar

43
Q

What are the characteristics of ankylosis teeth?

A

Submerged due to variable degree of root resorption

Development of malocclusion, local periodontal disturbances and dental caries occur

Lack of mobility

Failure of tooth to move after ortho

Malposition of adjacent teeth due to submersion

44
Q

What should you NEVER do with an ankylosed tooth?

A

Put an ortho bracket on it

(will cause all other teeth around it to move down to its level!!)

45
Q
A
45
Q

How to determine if there will be crowding or not

A

6mm+ = no crowding
3-6 mm = 20% crowding
less than 3 mm = 50% crowding
no spacing = 66% crowding

crowding in primary means crowding in permanent

46
Q

Primate spaces (maxillary and mandibular)

A

Maxillary = mesial to canine, distal to lateral

Mandibular = mesial to 1st molar, distal to canine

47
Q

When do you place a space maintainer?

A

ONLY if the permanent tooth is not erupted

(you do not place space maintainer if tooth is very close to erupting or is erupting!)

48
Q

What is a space maintainer for the 1st primary molar dependent on?

A

Eruption of the 1st permanent molar

(if permanent tooth has erupted, no need to place space maintainer)

49
Q

What is a space maintainer for the 2nd primary molar dependent on?

A

Eruption of the 1st and 2nd permanent molars

(if they are already in occlusion, no need to place space maintainer)

50
Q

T/F It is not probable that you will have to use a space maintainer in the anterior teeth in a child over the age of 5 or 6 because those permanent teeth will already be erupting

A

True

51
Q

Predicts unerupted permanent teeth in the mixed dentition stage

A

Space analysis

52
Q

First: Measure the total arch length, measure to the mesial side of the 1st permanent molar

Second: Measure the widest area of all four of the incisors but only for the MANDIBULAR

Third: Predicted Width, (sum of the incisors)/2 and then add 11 mm (maxillary) or 10.5 (mandibular); THEN multiply whatever you get times two

A

Tanaka-Johnson

53
Q

Tanaka-Johnson equation

A

Available arch length = total arch length - sum of incisors - 2(predicted width)

54
Q

Tanaka-Johnson + vs - result

A

+ = need space maintainer
- = need space regainer

55
Q

Types of malocclusion

A
  1. Dental: simple (single tooth) vs compound (multiple teeth)
  2. Complex: skeletal discrepancy
  3. Compound and Complex: dental and skeletal component
56
Q

Abnormal buccal-lingual relationship in centric relation

A

Crossbite

57
Q

Midline undergoes a compensatory or habitual shift when the teeth occlude due to crossbite, can occur due to an early contact point

A

Functional shift

58
Q

Molar relationship, canine relationship and overjet →Anterior crossbite

A

Sagittal relationship

59
Q

Overbite/deep bite (positive #) vs open bite (negative #)

A

Vertical relationship

60
Q

Posterior crossbite

A

Transverse relationship

61
Q

Class II Division 1 bite

A

Pro-inclined

62
Q

Class II Division 2 bite

A

Retro-inclined

63
Q

4 principal physiological functions affecting the size and shape of the oral cavity

A
  1. Swallowing
  2. Mastication
  3. Speech
  4. Respiration (secondary to the nose)
64
Q

Functions of the nose

A
  1. Olfaction
  2. Respiration
  3. Filter
  4. Sterilize
  5. Control volume, temp, & humidity of air
65
Q

Percentage of airway blocked; helps determine if sedation is an option

A

Brodsky score

66
Q

Causes of airway disorders

A
  1. Enlarged tonsils and head forward position (middle of the shoulder does not come at the same level as the ear canal)
  2. Enlarged adenoid and tonsils
  3. Enlarged turbinates: the same thing as the nasal concha
  4. Deviated septum
  5. Soft tissue dysfunction in a growing child can lead to abnormal facial growth and malocclusion
67
Q

Adequate position of the TMJ in the articular eminence (anterior and superior position), relaxed muscles, independent of tooth position, pure rotations, position can be repeated

A

Centric relation

68
Q

Good vs poor prognosis when opening jaw

A

Early problem = good
Late problem = poor

69
Q

Good vs poor prognosis when closing jaw

A

Early problem = poor
Late problem = good

D1 Spring (47 decks)

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