Pulmonary Medications

Question 1

SNS Increasing Medications

Answer 1

-good for pulmonary sys

Question 2

PNS Increasing Meds

Answer 2

-bad for pulmonary sys

Question 3

Bronchoconstriction

Answer 3

-smooth muscle contraction
-in most obstructive pathophysiology
-Normal: balance between SNS and PNS activity

Question 4

Pulmonary Med Categories

Answer 4

-bronchodilation
-mucociliary clearance
-alveolar ventilation
-control of breathing

Question 5

Sympathomimetic Agents

Answer 5

-mimic SNS, increase HR and BP

Cause:
-anaphylaxis and asthma

Action:
-activate Beta 2 adrenergic receptors to bronchodilate
-epinephrine for emergent situations

Question 6

Beta 2 Agonists

Answer 6

-bronchodilation

Short acting:
-3-5 mins for 4-6 hours
-rescue inhalers
S/e: cough, high HR, tremors

Selective Beta 2 Agonist (SABA):
-long or short time
-treat bronchospasms for COPD
-rol ending

Long Lasting Beta 2 (LABA):
-12+ hours
-used for maintenance and COPD sleep

Question 7

Epinephrine

Answer 7

-for emergencies to bronchodilate
-non selective

s/s: increase BP, dizziness, tremors, increase HR

Question 8

Decongestants

Answer 8

-stimulate alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa
-reduction of fluid

S/s: dizziness, HTN, nausea, cardio irregularities

Question 9

Parasympatholytic Agents

Answer 9

-mimic PNS, bronchodilation
-Vagus: PNS input to lungs
-Acetylcholine: nicotitnic and muscarinic receptors

Question 10

Muscarinic Antagonists

Answer 10

-for heart when bradycardic
-lung bronchodilation

Atropine (MC)
-reduces secretions
-used to paralyze respiriatory sys due to poisoning
-not for asthma

Question 11

Methylxanthines

Answer 11

-promote increases in cAMP by stoping the breakdown by phosphoodiesterase
-cAMP is precursor to epinephrine
-promote bronchodilation and vasodilation of peripheral arteriole
-enhance epi and stop prostaglandins
-improve contractility of diaphragm

s/s: fast HR, CNS effects, RR, chest pain, dizziness, increase in urine

Question 12

Corticosteriods

Answer 12

-indirectly bronchodilate via immune system
-reduces swelling in mucosa
-immuno supressant

s/s: edema, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, infections, atrophy, hypokalemia, clots

Question 13

Delivery Methods

Answer 13

Meter Dosed Inhaler:
-specific amount of aerosol meds per short burst from device

Nebulizer:
-mist inhaled into lungs
-compressed air/o2

Question 14

Respiratory Stimulants

Answer 14

-inhance CNS activity in respiratory centers
-sympathomimetics and methylxanthines

Analeptics: increase activity, convulsions
Dopram: chemorecepters in carotid, medulla

Question 15

Respiratory Depressants

Answer 15

-sedatives, tranqs, narcotics
-avoid witth pulmonary diseases
-supresses ventilator drive
-controls abnormal breathing patterns, anxiety