2.3 Process Exploration Flashcards
Why do we have biases and make assumptions?
A: Our brains are always trying to be energy efficient by making decision making as automatic as possible. We also use mental shortcuts to remove uncomfortable uncertainty.
What is a HiPPO?
A: Highest Paid Person’s Opinion
There are multiple biases out there, what are some of them?
A: Hindsight bias, Group think, Confirmation bias, Counter factual, Similarity bias, Need to blame, Admission of blame, Dunning-Kruger Effect, Bounded Rationality, Fundamental attribution error, Irrational Escalation bias, Linguistic Bias.
When would you need to zoom in on a process and sub-process map it?
A: When the process is not performing as expected or when you need to gain further understanding of a section of a process.
What is a 5-why analysis?
A: A problem solving method that can lead to a root cause in a simple ordered system. During the analysis you ask why 5 times to get to a better understanding of a root cause. The logic in the chain of the 5-whys should work both forward and backward.
What is the Cynefin Framework?
A: It is a sense making model. There are four areas: Simple, Complicated, Complex, and Chaotic. It is important to understand what type of system you are working in, as the tools and techniques are different for the different areas.
Which voices should you consider when collecting data?
A: VOQ/CTQ – Critical to Quality, VOB, and VOP. In addition, you will want to consider the collection plan.
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
A: When people who are the subjects of an experimental study, change or improve their behavior because it is being studied.
What do we need to consider before collecting baseline data?
A: Define what you are measuring, the specifics of the measurements (what, when, and how), Structure the collection for analysis (# of data points, separate columns for each data point, only numbers in cells), typically chart response (y) over time (x), establish a “why” for the data collection, stay engaged.
What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?
A: A parameter is a number describing a characteristic of the population and a statistic is a number describing a characteristic of a sample.
What are key principles to consider when we are predicting a population?
A: Observations are taken of the population, collecting data to create a sample, describe the sample with statistics, and using statistics to make a reasonable guess at the population.
What is one technique that can be implemented during data collection to prevent sampling bias?
A: Randomness in sampling.
What is the Efficiency Thoroughness Trade Off?
A: The idea that doing a process faster means being less detailed in what gets watched and considered and vice versa.
When performing a Gage R&R study, what percentage of measurement error is generally considered acceptable?
10% measurement error or less is considered passing. 30% error or less is considered marginal. Anything over 30% is not passing
If your Gage R&R Study fails, what are some possible next steps?
Refine and retrain the measurement process including tool use and standards. Make changes to the measurement process to eliminate variation. Re-run the study to verify if the changes had an effect.
