Week 11 - Exercise for Special Populations Flashcards
What is diabetes characterized by?
Hyperglycemia - high blood glucose
What is the major difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
type 1 diabetes is a defect in insulin secretion whereas type 2 diabetes is a defect in insulin action
Identify differences between Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
a) usual age of onset
b) development of symptoms
c) association with obesity
d) beta cells
e) development of ketoacidosis is common
a) Type 1 onset under 20years, type2 onset over 40years
b) Type 1 develop symptoms rapid, type 2 slow symptom development
c) Type 1 rarely associated with diabetes but type 2 is commonly associated with obesity
d) Type 1 beta cells are destroyed, type 2 beta cells not destroyed
e) Type 1 common development of ketoacidosis, type 2 rare development of ketoacidosis
What can insufficient insulin prior to exercise result in?
exercise-induced hyperglycemia and ketosis
What does exercise benefits for T1D depend upon?
appropriate glucose control
Ketotic diabetics
those that DO NOT control their blood glucose levels through insulin injections - leads to increase in ketones which means fats are used as fuel source
What are the warning signs/symptoms of T1D?
- Frequent urination/unusual thirst
- Extreme hunger
- Rapid weight loss, weakness, and fatigue
- Irritability, nausea, vomitting
What lowers the odds of exericse-induced hypoglycemia?
a regular exercise schedule
- Intensity, frequency, duration
- altering diet and insulin
Do T1D require medical clearance prior to exercise?
Currently active (40-60% HRR, 30min+, 3+days/week) can continue without medical clearance.
Those planning >60% HRR should obtain medical clearance prior to the start of the program.
What are some problems associated with T1D and T2D due to chronically high blood glucose?
Autonomic neuropathy (can lead to abnormal HR and BP)
Peripheral neuropathy (pain, impaired balance, weakness, decreased proprioception)
Retinopathy and nephropathy (due to blood pressure abnormalities)
Identify a test used to diagnose type 2 diabetes?
Oral glucose tolerance test
Describe the oral glucose tolerance test.
75g sugary drink consumed rapidly and blood glucose and insulin responses are tracked for several hours
How can identify the progression from prediabetic to T2D?
glucose tolerance worsens over time
Explain the primary treatment for T2D.
Exercise
- Helps treat obesity (decreases body fat)
- Helps control blood glucose (kept within normal/healthy range)
- Reduces insulin resistance
- Helps treat CVD risk factors (high blood pressure and lipid profile, inflammation).
What may the combination of diet and exercise eliminate?
the need for diabetic drug treatments - should aim for weight loss around 5-10%
