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AQA A LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES > 002 Ultimate Reality - Buddhism > Flashcards

002 Ultimate Reality - Buddhism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ultimate goal for a Theravada Buddhists?

A

To become an arhat

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2
Q

What is the status of the Buddha for TBs?

A

an exemplary human being who served as a guide and a teacher

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3
Q

What is the status of the Buddha for Mahayana Buddhists?

A

The Buddha is a supreme being who is eternal as he has escaped samsara

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4
Q

What is the ultimate goal for MBs?

A

To become a bodhisattva

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5
Q

What are bodhisattvas seen as for MBs?

A

emanations of the buddha

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6
Q

How can a Bodhisattva become a Buddha?

A

By guiding other human beings and helping them to overcome dukkha

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7
Q

Define karuna

A

Compassion

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8
Q

Define Prajna

A

Wisdom

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9
Q

How are bodhisattvas motivated by karuna?

A

they aim to delay achieveing enlightenment for themselves in order to guide others

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10
Q

How are bodhisattvas motivated by prajna?

A

They have total wisdom and give their merit to others to help them escape dukkha

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11
Q

What is the doctrine of the Trikaya?

A

The three bodies of the Buddha

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12
Q

What are the three bodies of the Buddha? BUDDHIST TERMS

A
  • Dharmakaya
  • Sambhogakaya
  • Nirmanakaya
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13
Q

What are the three bodies of the Buddha? ENGLISH TERMS

A
  • The buddha as the ultimate truth
  • Heavenly body
  • Earthly body
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14
Q

How does belief in the Trikaya doctrine affect Mahayana views of the Buddha?

A

It makes the Buddha accessible even after death

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15
Q

What is the first step of being a bodhisattva?

A

Live life of a buddhist and take guidance from other bodhisattvas

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16
Q

What is the second step of being a bodhisattva?

A

The buddhists will feel the arising of the bodhicitta

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17
Q

Define bodhicitta

A

the thought of enlightenment - realising the purpose of one’s whole life is to save others

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18
Q

What is the third step of being a bodhisattva?

A

Making a Bodhisattva vow made in the presence of the living Buddha’s heavenly body

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19
Q

What is the fourth step of being a bodhisattva?

A

Practicing the way of the Mahayana to develop karuna and prajna to transfer punya to others

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20
Q

Why do Mahayana Buddhists believe that they are more compassionate?

A

because their primary motivation is karuna for all beings and to delay their own liberation to guide others

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21
Q

How do Mahayana Buddhists justify the view that their goal of Buddhism comes from the Buddha himself?

A

Buddha, in his semi-divine state, provided the teachings in the lotus sutra after his earthly death when his followers were ready to receive them.

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22
Q

Why can Mahayana Buddhists argue they have a more personal relationship with the Buddha than Theravada?

A

Because of the concept of the trikaya

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23
Q

Why was the Buddha not a liar when he preached the arhat path?

A

the buddha used upaya kusala

24
Q

How was the life of the Buddha upaya kusala?

A

he deliberately lived and aged like an ordinary human to make his teachings accessible. He pretended to die and enter pari-nirvana, knowing that he would later reveal the more advanced teachings when his followers were ready.

25
Q

Define anicca

A

Impermanence

26
Q

Give examples of things that are impermanent

A
  • human body
  • human mind
  • ## nature
27
Q

What do Buddhists believe about impermanence?

A

That everything is impermenent as every single thing depends on other things for their existence

28
Q

Finish the Buddha’s quote: “All conditioned things are ….

A

impermanent

29
Q

What do Buddhists believe about the universe?

A

it is in a constant satte of flux meaning nothing can ever be the same

30
Q

If everything is constantly changing, what cannot exist?

A

atman/soul

31
Q

What does understanding anicca lead us to?

A

liberation from the cycle of suffering

32
Q

What can individuals cultivate by understanding anicca?

A

detachment/letting go of craving

33
Q

What does anicca show?

A

That everything is interconnected and influenced by a web of causes

34
Q

What happens in the parable of kisa gotami and the mustard seed?

A

Kisa Gotami lost her son and sought the Buddha’s help to bring him back. He told her to find a mustard seed from a house untouched by death. After discovering every house had experienced loss, she realized death is inevitable, buried her son, and became the Buddha’s follower.

35
Q

What does the parable of the mustard seed highlight?

A

Impermanence

36
Q

How did MBs develop the concept of anicca?

A

through the doctrine of shunyata

37
Q

What is shunyata?

A

Emptiness

38
Q

What does shunyata emphasise?

A

interdependence of all phenomena

39
Q

What are the implications of shunyata?

A

Highlights how everything is impermanent because everything is empty

40
Q

How is anicca and shunyata different?

A

Shunyata takes understanding of anicca further by deconstructing the notion of inherent existence

41
Q

Finish this quote by Rahula: “Nothing is permanent,

A

everlsating, and unchanging in the whole of existence

42
Q

Finish this quote by the Buddha: “So you should view this fleeting world …

A

“as a flickering lamp, a phantom, a dream”

43
Q

Define nirvana

A

‘blowing out of the 3 fires’

44
Q

How can nirvana be achieved?

A

By following the 8FP

45
Q

What is pari-nirvana?

A

nirvana after death

46
Q

What is nirvana in this life?

A

state of liberation

47
Q

What is nirvana after death?

A

final release from cycle of rebirth

48
Q

What does pari-nirvana represent?

A

ultimate peace and freedom from suffering

49
Q

What is nirvana for MBs?

A

Delaying nirvana in order to help others towards enlightenment

50
Q

How is nirvana usually described?

A

As indescribable and beyond understanding

51
Q

What are the questions of King milinda?

A

Records of questions by king Milinda to Nagasena, an arhat

52
Q

Where are the questions of king milinda found?

A

Pali canon

53
Q

What dilemma of king milinda is about nirvana?

A

80th

54
Q

How does Nagasena respond to questions about what Nirvana is like?

A

Like an ocean - quantity and content is impossible to comprehend

55
Q

What does Nagasena compare nirvana to?

A

The lotus flower that is untarnished by the water that surrounds it

56
Q

One strength of Milindipanha’s definition of nirvana?

A

similies Nagasena uses helps to describe what nirvana is like

57
Q

One weakness of Milindipanha’s definition of nirvana?

A

Analogies are imperfect and can lead to misconceptions if taken literally

AQA A LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES (30 decks)

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