Policing & Punishment Flashcards
1
Q
Organisations in the Criminal Justice System
A
- Police
- Crown Prosection Service (CPS)
- Courts
- Prisons
- Ministry of Justice (MoJ)
2
Q
Official Aims of CJS
A
- Deterrence - Stop/discourage future crimes
- Public Protection - incapacitate the criminal
- Retribution - revenge, proportionate/reasonable
- Rehabilitation - improve their outlook/prospects
3
Q
Changes to CJS since 1900
A
- 1900-1970 - increasing focus on rehabilitation
- 1970-2014 - increasing focus on retribution
- 2014-present - debate about future, evidence mounting about mental disorders, punishments not producing results, prisons filling up
4
Q
Left Realist view on Control of Crime
A
- People commit crime because they’re not attached to their community - don’t have means to succeed legitimately or the system incentivises them
- Should control it through education, understanding, and rehabilitation - none of the causes are under their control
5
Q
Right Realist view on Control of Crime
A
- People commit crimes because they choose to hurt others - easy, people are inherently individualistic, or part of an underclass - helps establish/protect boundaries
- Need harsher punishments - people understand that crime is wrong, boundaries can be protected
- We need to protect society from those who commit crime because they’re bad people
6
Q
Restorative Justice
A
- Discussions between stakeholders
- Everyone expresses feelings and agrees a way forward - usually offender makes up for damage and community accepts them
- Very successful approach for non-violent crimes
- 85% of victims involved in restorative justice said it was a very positive experience
- 14% recidivism reduction
7
Q
Halden Prison
A
- Humanity
- Normality
- Security
- Integration
- Norway has lowest recidivism rates in the world
8
Q
Hiercharchy of Need
A
- Victim
- Community Representative
- CJS Representative
- Criminal
9
Q
Newburn (2007): 5 Reasons for Punishing Criminals
A
- Discourage them from reoffending and deterrence from future crimes
- Force them to make awards for their harm
- Protect society from those who are dangerous
- Reinforce social valus and bonds
- Punish them because they deserve
10
Q
Types of Punishment
A
- Fines
- Imprisonment
- Community Service
- Criminal Registers
- Probation
11
Q
Foucault (1991) - Postmodernists & Punishment
A
- Change from sovereign power to disciplinary power
- Sovereign - ruler shows supremacy by giving harsh, public punishment for crime
- Disciplinary - criminals punished privately and given chance to change - more like employer than monarch
- Negative change - CJS & rulers less accountable
- Get away with more surveillance
- Panopticon prison - suppression of freedom
12
Q
Rusche & Kirchheimer - Neo-Marxism
A
- Punishment of Criminals - Method of control by powerful elites over population
- Rich & Powerful use influence to avoid punishment, while everyone else is kept in line - Capitalist superstructure maintained without need for overt force
- Nobody sees punishment anymore - no accountability
13
Q
Durkheim - Functionalism
A
- Punishment reasserts boundaries in society between right and wrong - maintains social order
- Strengthens collective conscience - societal condemnation of criminal, consent in their punishment
- Increases social solidarity & cohesion - everyone is involved, not just a King (jury of your peers, council you elected)
14
Q
Althusser - Marxism
A
- Punishment exists to maintain unfair social hierachies
- ‘Repressive State Apparatus’ - gov & courts staffed by the rich and powerful
- Punishment disproportionately aimed at lower classes to keep them in line and prevent rioting
15
Q
Weber - Rationalism
A
- Modern Western legal systems based on rational principles - not religion or power
- Govs elected democratically so laws should reflect majority viewpoint
- Hierarchies are there but now competence based, not wealth based - desireable, meritocratic
