Evolution Disease 2

Question 1

Virulence

Answer 1

• harm a disease causes to a host
• general garm to a hosts health
• biology of transmission constrains virulence

Question 2

How humans diseases arise

Answer 2

• pathogen can coevolve in parallel with host species
• Zoonotic originate in other species

Question 3

SARS CoV-2

Answer 3

related to SARS, closest known relative in a coronavirus that circulates in bats

Question 4

Herd Imnmunity

Answer 4

important for protecyting peoplr who cant get vaccinated. People with cancer or other life threatening diseases
- breakdown of herd immunity cn lead to disease outbreaks

Question 5

Evolution of virulence

Answer 5

The evolution of virulence depends largely on transmission

Question 6

Do pathogens have heritable variation in a trait

Answer 6

the viral load is heritable
viruses exhibit enormous heritable variation in their viral loads.

Question 7

Does the traiyt influence the number of new infections

Answer 7

predicted number of new infections
= infectiousness, B, x duration, D

Question 8

Virulence

Answer 8

harm inflicted b y pathogens, this is sometimes a by product of the reproduction and survival of the pathogen within the host
Other pathogens such as Salmonella, Cholera, E coli cause diarrhea

Question 9

Transmission

Answer 9

very sick people are less mobile, reduced the likelihood of transmission
hosts who are not incapacitated provide more effective means of transmissio.

Question 10

Virulence

Answer 10

• Stronger selection for competition within hosts favors rapid replication and increased virulence
• Stronger selection for movement between hosts reduced virulence
• high virulence will evolve in conditions with higher transmission
• Low virulence will evolve in conditions with lower transmission

Question 11

Waterborne pathogens

Answer 11

tend to have less dependence of host for transmission, so they often are highly virulent

Question 12

The voirulence of baterial pathogen also influences teh evolution of antibiotic resistance

Answer 12

higher virulence: more people taking antibiotics ____more antibotoic resistance

Question 13

Vector borne pathogens

Answer 13

tend to have less dependence on mobility of host for transmission, so they often are highly virulent
- reduce transmission, reduce risk of exposure, favor the evolution of less virulent strains and kill mosquitos