Equine rotations Flashcards
1
Q
what is the normal ETCO2 measured on a capnograph?
A
35-45mmHg
2
Q
what are the phases of a capnograph?
A
- beginning of expiration representing the gas from the dead space (tube, bronchus…)
- expiratory upstroke
- alveolar plateau where there is slow increase as the alveoli empty
- inspiratory downstroke
3
Q
what causes a normal shaped capnograph where phase III is above 45mmHg?
A
hypoventilation (there is a build up of CO2)
4
Q
what causes a normal shaped capnograph where phase III is below 35mmHg?
A
hyperventilation (can be due to patient being too light)
5
Q
what does pulse oximetry measure?
A
% oxygen saturation
pulse rate
6
Q
what is the ideal SpO2 (oxygen saturation)?
A
> 95% (never below 90%)
7
Q
what type of saline can be used to rapidly increase circulating volume?
A
hypertonic
8
Q
A
