Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards
What is AKI?
abrupt damage that causes buildup of waste, fluid
can be reversible
what are the risk factors for AKI?
shock
hypotension
prolonged ventilation
sepsis
low urine output
s/s of AKI
edema
nausea
weakness
chest pain
decreased urine output
SOB
what are the phases of AKI?
onset
oliguria/Azotemia
diuretic/polyuria
recovery
what is happening during the onset phase?
injury has occurred from a trigger
treat the underlying cause early
can last hours to days
what is happening during the oliguria phase?
1-7 days
fluid overload
low urine output
diet modifications are needed
high BUN and creatinine
what is happening during the diuretic phase?
1-3 weeks
diluted urine
monitor for dehydration
increased in urine output
what is happening during the recovery phase?
3-12 months for kidney function to levels to return to normal
some develop CKD
What is prerenal aki?
damage before the kidneys
ex: HTN, MI
there is a decrease in perfusion to kidneys
what is intrarenal aki?
damage in the kidneys
prolonged ischemia
can be from rhabdomyolysis, NSAIDS, or contrast
what is postrenal aki?
damage after the kidneys
an obstruction
BPH, tumors, stroke, stones, clots
how can patients prevent Aki?
drinking 2-3L of water daily
maintain a MAP greater than 65
check body weight
be aware of nephrotoxic substances
what are the nursing interventions for AKI?
monitor labs
daily weight
drug therapy
I&O
nutrition
