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Microbio > Unit 4: Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Unit 4: Chapter 35 Flashcards

1
Q

Epidimeiology

A

science that evaoluates occurence, deterimants, distribution and control of health and disease in a defined human population
Provides PREVENTION!!

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2
Q

Who was first epidimeiologist

A

John Snow
Looked at cholera outbreak and found it was caused by contaminated water

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3
Q

Compared to the 1900s, the 2000s have

A

more cancer and metabolic syndrome
reduced infectious disease

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4
Q

What organizations help develop and carry out disease prevention and control?

A

CDC and WHO

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4
Q

Why do we now have reduced infectious disease compared to the 1900s?

A
  1. public health measures
  2. antibiotics
  3. vaccine
  4. chlorination of drinking water system
  5. education
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5
Q

Sporadiac disease

A

occurs occasionally or at irregular intervals in human population
Ex. tentanus, rabis, meningitis

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6
Q

Endemic disease

A

maintains steady, low level frequency at moderately regular interval
Ex. common cold and malaria

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7
Q

Epidemic

A

outbreak affecting many people at once

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8
Q

Hyperendemic disease

A

increase in frequency above endemic level but not to epidemic level

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9
Q

Outbreak

A

very suden unexpected occurence of disease
usually in limited segment of population!!

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10
Q

Reservoir host

A

organism remains healthy while virus thrives

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11
Q

Index Case

A

first person identified in an epidemic

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12
Q

Pandemic

A

increase in disease occurence within a large population over at least 2 countries around the world
Ex. Covid19

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13
Q

____ determine risk factors

A

statistics

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14
Q

Incidence

A

measure occurence of new cases of a disease during defined period of time , as compared to total healthy population

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15
Q

Infectious disease frequency is important parameter for epidemiologists. In order to measure infectious disease frequency, several measurements are needed such as:

A
  1. knowledge of population
  2. exposed people
  3. affected people
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16
Q

Prevalence Rate

A

Total number of cases (individuals effected) over total population

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17
Q

Morbidity rate

A

Number of new cases of a disease during specific period over total number of individuals in population

18
Q

Mortality rate

A

number of deaths of given disease over size of total population with disease

19
Q

Communicable disease

A

can be transmitted from person to person

20
Q

Propagated epidemic

A

one infected individual placed in susceptible population
long time, stabilize
Ex. strep throat

20
Q

Common source epidemic

A

noncommunicable and results from single, common source
short time, rapid peak
Ex. food poisoning

21
Q

Is influenza epidemic common source or propagated epidemic?

A

propagated epidemic

22
Q

Time 0 of epidemic

A

all individuals susceptible to hypothetic pathogen

23
Q

Day 15 of epidemic

A

epidemic peak reached
threshhold density

24
Q

If the number of cases increase, the number of susceptibles

A

decrease

25
Q

Herd immunity

A

threshold percentage of population having immunity so when isolated cases reemerge, there is no escalation of disease through population

25
Q

Basic reproduction number (R0)

A

Capacity of infectious agent to spread

26
Q

R0=12 meaning

A

For every 1 infected up to 10 people

27
Q

Global pandemic

A

new, reemerging or drug resistant infection have increased within past 3 decades
Ex. TB, MERS

28
Q

Category A pathogen

A

highest threat to public health

29
Q

Category B pathogen

A

second highest threat to public health

30
Q

Category C pathogen

A

third highest threat to public health

31
Q

Systematic epidemiology

A

fcouses on ecological and social factors that influence development of emerging and reemerging diseases
COMBINATION

32
Q

Reasons for increase in emerging/ reemerging infectious diseases

A
  1. World population growth and urbanization
  2. Crowded workplaces and public transportation
  3. Increased internal travel
  4. Climate change
33
Q

many hospital strains are

A

antibiotic resistant

33
Q

Nonsomical infections also health care infections

A

infections acquired by patients while in hospital

34
Q

Endogenous sources

A

from normal flora (yourself)
Ex. infections and pneumonas

35
Q

Exogenous sources

A

from outside
Ex. staff, patients, flowers

36
Q

Prevention adn control of epidemics

A
  1. reduce or elimate source or reservoir of infection
  2. reduce number of susceptible individuals and raise general level of herd immuntiy
36
Q

Impact of healthcare infections (HAI) lead to

A

prolong hospital stays and deaths

37
Q

Choosing biological agents as weapons that favor use:

A

invisible, odorless, tasteless

38
Q
A

Microbio (18 decks)

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